Bonding structure and properties of matter

Cards (61)

  • When are ions made
    when electrons are transferred
  • What are ions
    Charged particles
  • What happens when metals form ions
    They lose electrons from their outer shell to form positive ions
  • What happens when non metals form ions
    They gain electrons into their outer shell to form negative ions
  • What is ionic bonding
    transfer of electrons
  • Ionic bonding is between
    metal and non metal
  • What is an ionic bond
    Oppositely charged ions that are strongly attracted to each other by electrostatic forces
  • What structure does an ionic compound have
    Giant ionic lattice
  • What are the boiling and melting points of ionic compounds
    They have high melting and boiling points
  • Why do they have high melting and boiling points
    There's many strong bonds between the ions and it takes lots of energy to overcome the attraction
  • Can ionic compounds conduct electricity?
    Only when molten or dissolved in solution because when they're solid the ions are held in place but in a liquid they are free to move and carry a current
  • What does covalent bonding involve
    sharing of electrons
  • What atoms form covalent bonds?
    nonmetals and nonmetals
  • Why are covalent bonds very strong
    The positively charged nuclei of the bonded atoms are attracted to the shared pair of electrons by electrostatic forces
  • Where do atoms share electrons
    In their outer shells
  • What is a simple molecular substance
    Atoms joined together by covalent bonds
  • What are the forces of attraction in a simple molecular substance
    Very weak, the covalent bonds in the atoms are very strong but the attraction between the the molecules are weak
  • Why do they have low melting and boiling points?
    Because it doesn't take a lot of energy to overcome the intermolecular forces
  • Do the conduct electricity
    No because there are no free electrons or ions
  • What is a polymer
    Long chain of repeating units
  • How are the atoms in a polymer joined together
    By strong covalent bonds
  • What are the intermolecular forces in polymers
    They're larger than covalent molecules so more energy is needed to brake them
  • What is a giant covalent structure?
    All the atoms are bonded to each other by strong covalent bonds
  • What are the boiling points of giant covalent structures
    They have very high melting and boiling points because lots of energy is needed to break the bonds
  • Do they conduct electricity?
    No they don't contain charged particles they don't conduct electricity (except for graphite).
  • Describe the structure of diamond
    Each carbon atom forms four strong covalent bonds in a very rigid giant covalent structure.
  • Describe the structure of graphite
    Each carbon atom forms three covalent bonds to create layers of hexagons. Each carbon atom also has one delocalised electron.
  • Describe the structure of silicone dioxide
    Giant structure of silicone and oxygen
  • What are the properties of diamond
    Really hard
    Very high melting point
    Doesn't conduct electricity
  • Why is graphite soft and slippery?
    Graphite is formed in layers, there is no covalent bond between the layers and so the layer can slide over each other making graphite slippery
  • What can graphite be used for and why?
    Lubricating materials because it's slippery
  • Why does graphite have a high melting point?
    The covalent bonds in the layers need loads of energy to break
  • Why can graphite conduct electricity
    One election is delocalised so it can carry a charge
  • What is graphene
    A single layer of graphite
  • What can graphene be used for?
    Can be added to improve strength without adding weight
  • Why does it have the potential to be used in electronics
    It can conduct electricity
  • What is a fullerene
    Molecules of carbon shaped like closed tubes or hollow balls
  • What are they mainly made up of
    Carbon atoms arranged in hexagons or pentagons
  • What can they be used for and why
    They can be used to deliver drugs around the body because they can cage other molecules
    They can be used for industrial catalysts because they have a huge surface area and individual catalysts could be attached to them
    They make good lubricants
  • What is a nanotube
    hollow cylinder of carbon atoms