EVALUATION

• STRENGTHS OF STRANGE SITUATION?

  • good predictive validity
  • good reliability
• WHY DOES STRANGE SITUATION HAVE GOOD PREDICTIVE VALIDITY?

  predicts a large number of aspects of baby's later development with research support
• WHAT RESEARCH SUPPORT DOES THE PREDICTIVE VALIDITY POINT HAVE?

  • McCormik et al
  • Ward et al
• MCCORMIK ET AL'S RESEARCH?

  secure infants have better achievement at school and less involvement in bullying
• WARD ET AL'S RESEARCH?

  secure infants have better mental health as adults
• WHAT ELSE WAS PREDICTED AS A RESULT OF STRANGE SITUATION?

  secure babies have the best outcomes, whereas type C/ no type have the worst outcomes
• WHY IS GOOD PREDICTIVE VALIDITY IMPORTANT?

  predicts something real and meaningful
• COUNTERPOINT FOR GOOD PREDICTIVE VALIDITY?

  Kagan
• KAGAN'S RESEARCH?

  suggested genetically-influenced anxiety may account for variations in behaviour, therefore strange situation may not actually measure attachment
• WHY DOES STRANGE SITUATION HAVE A GOOD RELIABILITY?

  good inter-rater reliability
• WHAT IS INTER-RATER RELIABILITY?

  agreement between observers
• RESEARCH SUPPORT FOR GOOD INTER-RATER RELIABILITY?

  Bick et al
• BICK ET AL'S RESEARCH?

  found there was agreement in 94% of cases
• WHY MAY THERE HAVE BEEN A HIGH INTER-RATER RELIABILITY?

  controlled conditions and tested behaviours requiring large, easy to observe movements

  -> therefore it does not depend on subjective judgements
• WEAKNESSES OF STRANGE SITUATION?

  • culturally biased
  • 4th type
• WHY IS STRANGE SITUATION CULTURALLY BIASED?

  developed in Britain and US, therefore not a valid measure in different cultural contexts
• WHY MAY STRANGE SITUATION BE NOT A VALID MEASURE IN DIFFERENT CULTURAL CONTEXTS?

  babies different experiences affect responses to strange situation
• RESEARCH PROVIDING EVIDENCE FOR THE IDEA THAT STRANGE SITUATION IS CULTURALLY BIASED?

  Takahashi
• WHAT DID TAKAHASHI DISCOVER?

  Japanese babies had high levels of separation anxiety, leading to a disproportionate number to be classed as Type C (due to rarity of mother-baby separation)
• WHAT DID TAKAHASHI'S EVIDENCE MAKE EVIDENT?

  difficult to know what strange situation is measuring outside Europe and the US
• WHO IDENTIFIED THE FOURTH ATTACHMENT CATEGORY?

  Main and Solomon
• WHAT WAS THE FOURTH TYPE OF ATTACHMENT DISCOVERED?

  disorganised (type D)
• WHAT IS TYPE D ATTACHMENT?

  a mix of avoidant and resistant behaviours
• WHAT IS THE FOURTH TYPE OF ATTACHMENT USUALLY A RESULT OF?

  severe neglect and abuse