biology - respiration and breathing

• Breathing


  Movement of air in and out of body
• Ventilation


  Getting air and and out of lungs

  
• Gas Exchange


  Putting Oxygen into blood and removing Carbon Dioxide

  Takes place in Alveoli

  
• Trachea


  Brings air into lungs

  Rings of cartilage stop it collapsing

  
• Lung


  Major organ of respiratory system

  
• Oxygen


  the reactant needed for respiration,
• Glucose


  the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues for respiration
• aerobic respiration


  a chemical process that requires oxygen to release energy
• Ventilation


  movement of air into and out of the lungs
• carbon dioxide and water


  products of respiration
• Diffusion


  Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
• Mitochondria


  an organelle that is the site of respiration
• respiratory system


  A system of organs, functioning in the process of gas exchange between the body and the environment
• alevolus


  small sacs in the lungs where gas exchange happens
• Diaphragm


  Large, flat muscle at the bottom of the chest cavity that helps with breathing
• rib cage


  Protects the heart and lungs and allows the lungs to expand and contract.
• intercostal muscles


  Muscles which move the rib cage during breathing
• Stomata


  Small openings on the underside of a leaf through which oxygen and carbon dioxide can move
• Phloem


  The vascular tissue through which food moves in some plants
• capillary


  A tiny blood vessel where substances are exchanged between the blood and the body cells.
• inspiration


  breathing in
• expiration


  breathing out
• Trachea


  Allows air to pass to and from lungs
• Bronchi


  two short branches located at the lower end of the trachea that carry air into the lungs.
• Bronchioles


  smallest branches of the bronchi that lead to the alveoli
• purpose of breathing


  provide oxygen throughout your body and remove carbon dioxide from your blood
• Air moves into the lungs when

  pressure inside lungs is less than the atmospheric pressure
• Air moves out of the lungs when

  pressure inside the lungs is greater than the atmospheric pressure
• Respiration word equation


  glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water
• Respiration releases carbon dioxide, water and

  energy
• Respiration is a


  exothermic reaction
• Respiration occurs in the

  mitochondria of a cell
• Respiration symbol equation


  C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O
• Respiration is a chemical process that releases the energy from sugar molecules such as glucose. 
• Respiration is an exothermic reaction because it involves the release of energy.
• 5 examples of how cells use the energy from respiration

  1. To combine small molecules to make larger molecules.
  2. To break large molecules into smaller molecules.
  3. For muscle contraction.
  4. To maintain body temperature.
  5. To move substances around the cell.
• what is metabolism. 


  the combination of all chemical reactions in an organism.
• What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in animals?

  glucose ➔ lactic acid
• What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in plants and fungi? 

  glucose ➔ ethanol + carbon dioxide
• Which type of respiration releases most energy, why?

  Aerobic respiration releases the most energy. 

  Anaerobic respiration doesn't break down the glucose molecule completely,  so doesn't release as much energy.