Musculoskeletal system

• Agonist


  Muscle whose action is mainly responsible for producing a given motion

  Muscle which CONTROLS the movement
• agonist for eccentric knee flexion (occurs when lowering)


  quadriceps
• agonist for hip flexion

  Illiopsoas
• agonist for horizontal adduction at the shoulder

  pectorals / deltoids
• agonist for knee extension


  quadriceps
• agonist for plantarflexion


  gastrocnemius
• agonist in elbow flexion in lowering phase of press up


  tricep
• Anatomical position


  An upright standing position with head, shoulders, chest, palms of hands, hips, knees and toes facing forwards
• Ankle- joint actions

  Dorsi flexion and plantar flexion
• Ankle- joint type and articulating bones

  Hinge - tibia, fibula, talus
• Antagonist

  Allows the movement to take place
• antagonistic muscle action

  as one muscle shortens to produce movement, another muscle lengthens to allow that movement to take place
• antagonsitic pair for the elbow

  bicep / tricep
• articulating bones of the ankle

  fibula, tibia and talus
• articulating bones of the elbow

  radius, ulna and humerus
• articulating bones of the hip

  pelvis and femur
• articulating bones of the knee

  femur and tibia
• articulating bones of the shoulder

  Humerus and scapula
• concentric contraction


  a type of isotonic contraction that involved the muscle shortening while producing tension
• Dorsiflexion

  raising the toes (ankle flexion)
• Eccentric


  Muscle lengthens as it contracts
• Elbow - joint actions

  Flexion and extension at the arm
• Elbow - joint type and articulating bones

  Hinge- humerous, radius, ulna
• Extension


  Increasing the angle between the bones of a joint
• femur


  the longest and thickest bone of the human skeleton
• fibula


  the outer and thinner of the two bones of the human leg between the knee and ankle
• Flexion


  Decreasing the angle betweem bones and joint
• Gastrocnemius


  Muscle in calf that causes plantar flexion
• Gluteals


  At back of hip causing extension and hyperextension
• Hamstrings


  Back of thigh causing flexion at the knee
• hinge joint


  is found at the elbow, knee, ankle, and fingers, allows a joint to bend and straighten promoting rotation
• Hip - joint actions

  flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, horizontal abduction, horizontal adduction
• Hip - joint type and articulalting bones

  Balll and socket- femur, pelvis
• Hip flexors


  Muscles at the front of hip that causes hip flexion
• Humerus


  Bone in upper arm
• Hyperextension


  Increasing the angle between bones of a joint beyond 180°
• isometric contraction


  tension is produced in the muscle but there is no change in muscle length. it is a static contraction because the joint will stay in the same position
• Isotonic


  Muscle changes length
• Knee - joint actions

  Flexion and extension at the leg
• Knee - joint type and articlating bones

  Hinge-tibia, femur