crim extra

• 1- describe one physiological theory of criminality:

  lombroso- atavistic, criminals different, born not made, studied their features biologically different
• 1-analyse how theory may link to profile 1 or 2:

  profile 1, tolerance to pain tattoos, large ears, jaw and high cheekbones
• 1-2 weaknesses of theory described in 1a:

  lombroso theory outdated and discredited by other genetic studies. lack of control groups made assumptions of non criminals
• 2-desribe one sociological theory:

  Marxism- due to capitalism society, Tony is forced into poverty leaving him now choice but to commit crime and steal. unemployment due to society not allowing him to achieve his goals.
• 2- desribe another sociological there not mentioned

  right realism= crime causes by broke windows due to social control breaks down, growing underclass who don't soiclase children and ely on welfare, crime can be reduced by fixing broken windows, police having a more crucial role in restoring balance
• 2- evaluate rights realism

  fixing broken windows- are is desirable but only short term and not addressing wider structural causes, blame underclass shine light on who commits street crime but are they just victims of capitalism, zero tolerance policy- stop serious crime but can cause riots and racial prfi
• 2- time place and culture change laws

  culture- homosexuality, illegal some culutures not uk, time- 1991 rape illegal in marriage, place- may have high crime rate
• 3- name 2 individualistic theories of crime

  learning and cognitive
• 3- analyse link to Garys situation

  leanring, modelling behaviour looks like to billy bandora believe behaviour is learns from others
• 3= describe how one individualistic theory accounts for criminality

  cognitive- kohl bergs, good at explaining crimes like theft and robbery often involve reasoning, good at explain violent crimes often impulsive acts. but gender bias test didn't originally include girls, difficult to distinguish between stages 5 and 6
• 3- evaluate effectiveness of 2 individualistic theories in effective ness

  bandoras bobo doll- role models influence but ignores free will, not automatically going to copy behaviour, ignores biological and sociological reasons, eysencks personality suggest extroverts commit more crime but is that always the case. overall effectives can be questioned ignores other factors
• 3- describe how campaigns led by indvivials affect policy making

  clares law- mum campaigned changed to allow people to ask about partners history of domestic abuse, campaigned using social media, radio, magazines, website that offered support, news papers, very successful law got passed help protect thousands of women. used more 1300 in less than 12 months but doesnt explain claret strory