Daily questions

• Hooks law states the the amount of force that is applied to a spring is directly proportional to the extension of the spring given that it does not exceed the elastic table.
• Snell's law states that the ratio sin i/ sin r is constant for a given pair of media. Where angle r is the angle of refraction and angle i is the angle of incidence
• Boyle's law states that at a constant temperature the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume.
• Newton's first law states that an object will remain stationary or continue moving with a constant velocity unless acted upon by a net external force.
• The equation for Boyle's law is P1V1 = p2v2.
• Newton's second law states that the acceleration of an object as produced by a net force is directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force, in the same direction. F=ma
• The equation for work done is W = f x d
• Moment of force can be defined as the product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the pivot to the line of action
• The formula for moment of a force is T=FD
• Formula for density P=M/V (mass/volume)
• Formula for acceleration a=(v2-v1)/t
• Formula for momentum P=mass x velocity (kgm/s)
• Force is measured in Newtons (N)
• Pressure is measured in Pascal's (Pa)
• Acceleration is measured in metres per second squared (ms^-2)
• Energy is measured in Joules (J)
• Velocity is measured in metres per second (m/s)
• Density is measured in kg m^-3
• Mass is measured in kilograms (kg) or grams (g)
• Power is measured in Watts (W)
• Temperature is measured in Kelvin (K) or Celsius (C)
• Density is measured in kilograms per cubic metre (kg m^-3)
• Formula for kinetic energy Ek=1/2 mv^2
• Refraction is the bending of a wave as it passes from one medium to another due to a change in its speed.
• The Laws of refraction

  1. The first law of refraction, also known as Snell's law states that the ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence (θ₁) to the sine of the angle of refraction (θ₂) is equal to the ratio of the velocities or refractive indices of the two media, n₁ * sin(θ₁) = n₂ * sin(θ₂)
  2. The incident ray, the reflected ray, and the normal to the point of incidence all lie on the same plane.
• Hooke's law can be stated as F = ke where k is the force constant of the spring and e is the extension.
• The elastic limit (E) is the point beyond which any further increase In the load applied to a spring will produce a permanent stretch.
• Velocity can be defined as the displacement of an object per unit time.
• Heat capacity(C) is the amount of heat energy needed to raise the temperature of a substance by one unit of temperature per unit of mass.
• Specific Heat Capacity (c) = energy required to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1 degree
• Specific latent heat fusion of ice is the amount of energy needed to change 1kg of ice to water with no change in temperature.
• Specific latent heat of vaporization is the heat needed to change the unit mass of the substance from liquid to gas at a constant temperature and pressure.
• A perfect insulator does not allow any heat to pass through it, so its thermal conductivity is zero.
• Conduction is the process whereby heat passes from one part of a body to another without movement of matter.
• Heat capacity formula is Q = mcΔT
• Heat energy formula EH=McΔT (energy = mass x specific heat capacity x temperature change
• Heat power Ph=McΔT/T
• The formula for Kelvin=degrees+273
• To calculate the resistance of a component, you must know the current and voltage of the component.
• The basic formula for resistance calculations form the gradient of a graph is Resistance=1/gradient