PBSCIE MIDTERM

• CEREBRUM

  • The largest part of the brain
  • Divided into left and right hemispheres by a longitudinal fissure

  GYRI- folds which greatly increases the surface areas of the cortex

  SULCI- intervening grooves
• Frontal Lobe

  • Control of voluntary motor functions, motivation, aggression, mood and olfactory reception.

  Parietal Lobe

  • Principal center for receiving and consciously perceiving most sensory information (touch, pain)

  Occipital Lobe

  • Functions in receiving and perceiving visual input

  Temporal Lobe

  • Involved in olfactory and auditory sensations and plays an important role in memory.
• I OLFACTORY

  • S
  • Smell

  II OPTIC

  • S
  • Vision

  III OCCULOMOTOR

  • M. P
  • Motor to four of six extrinsic eye muscle and upper eyelid: parasympathetic: constrict pupils, thicken lens

  IV TROCHLEAR

  • M
  • Motor to one extrinsic eye muscle

  V TRIGEMINAL

  • S, M
  • Sensory to face and teeth, motor to muscle of mastication

  VI ABDUCENS

  • M
  • Motor to one extrinsic eye muscle
• VII FACIAL

  • S, M, P
  • Sensory : taste; motor to muscles of facial expression; parasympathetic to salivary and tear glands

  VIII VESTIBULOCOCHCLEAR

  • S
  • Hearing and balance

  IX GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL

  • S, M. P
  • Sensory: taste and touch to back of the tongue; motor to pharyngeal muscles; parasympathetic to salivary glands

  X VAGUS

  • S, M, P
  • Sensory to pharynx, larynx and visceras; motor to palate, pharynx and larynx; parasympathetic to viscera of the thorax and abdomen

  XI ACCESSORY

  • M
  • Motor to two neck and upper back muscles

  XII HYPOGLOSSAL

  • M
  • Motor to tongue muscles
• DEEP TENDON

  REFLEX

  • PATELLAR REFLEX (KNEE JERK REFLEX)
  • TRICEPS REFLEX (ELBOW JERK REFLEX)
  • PLANTAR REFLEX
• REFLEX

  • An involuntary reaction in response to a stimulus applied to the periphery and transmitted to the CNS.
• VISCERAL REFLEX

  PUPILLARY REFLEX

  • Otherwise known as Pupillary Light Reflex
  • The reduction of pupil size in response to light.
  • constricts the pupil in response to light, and pupillary constriction is achieved through the innervation of the iris sphincter muscle.
• SPECIAL SENSES

  • Are specialised structure and are localised specific parts of the body.
  • The special senses are: smell, taste, sight, hearing and balance.
• Test for Visual Acuity

  • SNELLEN CHART
  • ACCOMODATION
  • BLIND SPOT
  • Peripheral Vision Test
• Hearing and Equilibrium Test

  • Rinne test
  • Romberg test
• Endocrine Glands

  • Pituitary Gland
  • Pineal gland
  • pancreas
  • Tyroid
  • Thymus
  • Adrenal
• Components of blood

  • Plasma
  • Platelets
  • RBC
  • WBC
• Cell Type

  Red blood cell

  White blood cells

  • Granulocytes

  1. Neutrophil
  2. Basophil
  3. Eosinophil

  • Agranulocytes

  1. Lymphocyte
  2. Monocyte

  Platelet