Word Classes

• An adjective describes or modifies the noun it goes with.
• "A" and "an" are also articles, but they're used differently from "the".
• The word "the" is an article.
• A pronoun is used instead of a noun to avoid repetition, such as "he" instead of "John".
• Adverbs describe verbs, adjectives, other adverbs, and clauses.
• suffixes are morphemes added onto the end of words
• prefixes are morphemes added at the beginning of words
• inflectional suffixes change the meaning or function of a word within its own part of speech (e.g., -ed)
• derivational suffixes create new parts of speech by changing the original part of speech (e.g., -ly)
• infixes are morphemes that are added into the middle of the word. Standard English doesn't do this
• phoenetics - the sound, how it's made physically, the vocal track
• phonology - the pattern of sounds we make in speech, innotation and volume
• syntax is the way words are put together to form sentences
• morphology is the structure of words
• semantics is the meanings of words
• lexicology - the vocab, all words, the different word classes
• field - the topic; what the text is about
• mode - how its presented (written or spoken)
• register - formal or informal language
• tenor - the relationship between the speaker/listener or writer/reader
• prepositions - words to do with place, manner, and time
• conjunctions - join two clauses together
• lexemes/morphemes - one unit of meaning
• free morpheme - stands alone e.g., "rabbit"
• bound morpheme - can't stand alone, "-s" and "-ing"
• compound morpheme - a morpheme that is composed of two or more morphemes
• root word is the main word - doesn't have to be a free morpheme, can be bound
• affixation can change the word class (derivational) or the tense or plurality (inteflectional)
• descriptivism - non judgemental view of language that looks at how it is spoken and written
• prescriptivism - attitude or belief that one language is better than another and should be promoted as such. form is more important than content
• nouns - person, place, thing
• adjective - describing word
• verb - an action or state of being
• adverb - modifies an adjective, verb, or other adverb. tells (often) where/when
• coordinating conjunctions - FANBOYS, join 2 independent clauses
• FANBOYS - for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
• Subordinating conjunctions - connect an independent and dependent clause
• interjection - word or phrases that expresses a strong emotion
• modal auxilliaries - have to do with obligation/possibility/degree/ownership
• auxiliary verbs are verbs that are used to describe a verb eg to go, to be, to have, to do