CSEC PE

• Skeletal system


  The organ system that provides an internal framework for the human body
• In adults, the skeletal system consists of 206 bones
• Epiphysis


  The end part of a long bone
• Diaphysis


  The long shaft of a long bone
• Cartilage


  • The smooth and slippery bit like thick white plastic, that protects the ends of the bone where it meets other bones and stops them rubbing together
• Compact bone


  • Made of fibres cemented with calcium salts and it protects the bone from breakage
• Marrow cavity


  Filled with a soft yellow pulp called marrow and it is responsible for the production of blood cells
• Periosteum


  • Tough fibrous skin that covers all except the ends of the bones, helps tendons join to the bone and also helps in growth
• Spongy bone


  • Made of calcium salts and fibres and helps with the production of blood cells and to absorb shock
• Functions of the skeleton

  • Shape and support
  • Protection
  • Movement
  • Blood production
• Joints


  Where two or more bones meet
• Types of bones


  • Long bones
  • Short bones
  • Flat bones
  • Sesamoid bones
  • Irregular bones
• Types of joints


  • Fixed joints
  • Slightly moveable joints
  • Synovial joints
• Pivot joint


  • Allows one bone to rotate around another
• Hinge joint


  • Allows back and forth movement
• Saddle joint


  • Allows two different types of movement
• Gliding joint


  • Allows two bones to glide over one another
• Ball and socket joint


  • Allows the greatest range of movement, including forward and backward as well as upward and downward motions