2.14

• Congress' oversight of the bureaucracy

  • Committee hearings
  • Power of the purse: Congress is responsible for funding bureaucratic agencies, they cannot spend any money unless they have authorization, Congress can also decrease funding if they believe that the agencies aren't implementing the laws
• President's oversight of the bureaucracy

  If the bureaucracy doesn't cooperate with the presidential policy agenda, then the President can use both informal & formal powers
• Compliance Monitoring


  • Ensures that funds are being used properly & regulations are being followed
  • Can slow down policy implementation
• Formal and informal powers of Congress, the president, and the courts over the bureaucracy are used to maintain its accountability