PE2

• Strain


  A twist, pull or tear of a muscle or tendon – a cord of tissue connecting muscle to bone. It is an acute, non-contact injury that results from overstretching or over-contraction.
• Sprain


  A stretch or tear of a ligament, the band of connective tissues that joins the end of one bone with another.
• Dislocation


  When two bones that come together to form a joint become separated.
• Fracture


  A break in the bone that can occur from after a quick, one-time injury to the bone or from repeated stress to the bone over time.
• Concussion


  A life-threatening injury because they disrupt the normal function of the brain.
• Chronic injuries


  • Bursitis
  • Osteoarthritis
• Acute injuries


  • Sprain
  • Strain
• Injuries


  Damaged tissues or organs which occur when it encounters trauma or physical force that is greater than what it can resist or absorb.
• PRICE


  P stands for Protection
• HARM


  H stands for Heat
• Individuals who engage in various types of physical activities like sports and exercise, have a higher risk of getting injured as compared to those who practice a sedentary lifestyle.
• Most of the injuries are preventable and awareness of the risk factors will help in reducing the risk. Furthermore, vigilance and safety measures can dramatically reduce the occurrence of injuries.
• Injuries are damaged tissues or organs which occur when it encounters trauma or physical force that is greater than what it can resist or absorb.
• Factors influencing the ability of our tissues or organs to effectively resist or absorb forces

  • Inherent abnormality
  • Age
  • Technique
  • Fitness level
  • Equipment
  • Environmental aspects
• 
  

  • Tissues and organs React to the impact and direction of the force

  • Tensile forces are those that act away from the center of the structure, causing a pull or stretch
  • Compressive forces impact the center causing it to bend or fold
  • Shear forces are opposing forces toward the different ends of the structure causing it to twist
• The mechanism of how the force was applied is just as important as its impact.
• Bone


  Strong in resisting compressive strength
• Muscle-tendon units


  Strong at resisting tensile forces
• An individual who engages in various types of strenuous activities will expose his/her body to these forces which could result to an injury.
• Injuries in sports and fitness commonly affect the musculoskeletal structures. The ligaments, tendons, muscles, and bones have inherent strength that helps withstand strong forces.
• Musculoskeletal structure


  Strength properties vary according to the density of collagen and elastin fibers present. Its ability to withstand sudden or acute forces also depends on the tissues (i.e., fat) that soften the impact on the structure.
• Sports injuries


  Can be classified into two: acute and chronic/overuse
• Acute injuries


  Have signs and symptoms (e.g., pain, swelling) that manifest immediately after force application
• Chronic or overuse injuries

  Signs and symptoms occur after a long period of exposure to the force
• Acute injuries


  • Sprains
  • Strains
  • Fractures
  • Dislocations
  • Wounds
• Sprain


  An excessive stretching force can cause the fibers of the ligament to break
• Strain


  Excessive stretching that causes tears in the muscle-tendon unit
• Fracture


  Breaks in the continuity of the bone, usually occurs as a result of high impact forces that cause the bone to bend or twist
• Dislocation


  Bones that are pushed out from their joint capsule