ANAPHY: CHEMISTRY

• CHEMISTRY


  The study of the properties and transformations of matter.
• MATTER


  Anything that has mass and occupies space – things you can see, touch, taste, or smell.
• PROPERTY


  A characteristic that can be used to describe a substance. Substances have both physical and chemical properties.
• TRANSFORMATION


  A change in the properties of matter with time. There are physical changes and chemical changes.
• PHYSICAL PROPERTIES


  Density, color, and melting point are physical properties of matter. Observing a physical property can be done without altering the makeup of a substance.
• CHEMICAL PROPERTIES


  Chemical composition, what matter is made of, and chemical reactivity, how matter behaves, are chemical properties. Observing a chemical property alters the substance.
• PHYSICAL CHANGE


  Does not alter the chemical makeup of a substance.
• CHEMICAL CHANGE


  Alters the makeup of a substance.
• CHEMICAL CHANGE


  Heat, light, or electrical energy is often emitted or absorbed.
• PHYSICAL CHANGE


  Changes in state, changes in particle size, and the formation / separation of mixtures
• Solid


  A substance that has a definite shape and volume. Solids are rigid and dense.
• Liquid


  A substance that has a definite volume but that changes shape to fill the container. Liquids are dense and fluid.
• Gas


  A substance that has neither a definite volume nor a definite shape. Gases are low density fluids.
• Pure Substance


  Matter that is uniform in its chemical composition and properties.
• Mixture


  A blend of two or more pure substances in any ratio each retaining their identity.
• Physical Changes


  Can separate mixtures into one or more pure substances. Evaporation and condensation can separate water from sugar.
• Element


  Pure substance that can not be broken down chemically into simpler substances. Hydrogen and oxygen are examples.
• Chemical Compound


  Two or more elements combined chemically in specific ratios to form a pure substance. Water is a compound composed of two parts hydrogen and one part oxygen.
• 114 elements have been discovered.

  90 occur naturally

  24 are produced artificially
• Periodic Table: 114 elements in tabular format.
• Metals


  Found on the left side of the table.
• Gold is very unreactive and is used primarily in jewelry and electronic components.
• Zinc, an essential nutrient, is used in the manufacture of brass, roofing materials, and batteries.
• Copper is widely used in electrical wiring, in water pipes, and in coins.
• Nonmetals


  Found on the right side of the table.
• Nonmetals


  Poor conductors of heat and electricity.
• Nitrogen constitutes almost 80% of air and is a colorless gas at room temperature.
• Sulfur, a yellow solid, is found in large underground deposits in Texas and Louisiana.
• Metalloids


  Found along a diagonal line between metals and nonmetals.
• ORGANIC COMPOUNDS


  Most are covalently bonded
• ORGANIC COMPOUNDS


  Contain carbon
• Carbohydrates


  Contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio
• Monosaccharides 


  simple sugars
• Disaccharides 


  two simple sugars joined by dehydration synthesis – H2O is lost
• Polysaccharides 


  ong branching chains of linked simple sugars
• Lipids


  Insoluble in water but soluble in other lipids
• Lipids


  Source of stored energy
• Phospholipids


  Form cell membranes – polar properties
• Steroids 


  Fat-soluble
• Proteins


  Made of strings of the 20 amino acids