chem p1 q

• Proton


  +1 charge
• Neutron


  0 charge
• Electron

  -1 charge
• Proton


  Relative mass of 1
• Neutron


  Relative mass of 1
• Electron


  Very small relative mass
• Atom


  Only one type of element
• Compound


  Substance containing two or more different elements that are chemically bonded together
• Mixture


  Substance containing two or more different elements that are not chemically bonded together
• Chromatogram


  Pattern formed from carrying out paper chromatography
• Filtration


  Method of separation useful to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid
• Evaporation or Crystallisation


  Method of separation useful to separate a soluble solid from a liquid
• Fractional distillation


  Method of distillation that separates liquids with similar boiling points
• Ernest Rutherford


  Discovered that the plum pudding model was wrong
• Niels Bohr


  Devised an experiment that proved the existence of the neutron
• Mendeleev


  Left gaps in his Table of Elements to ensure that elements with similar properties stayed in the same groups. The gaps indicated the existence of undiscovered elements and allowed Mendeleev to predict what their properties might be
• Group number


  Tells you how many electrons are in the outer shell of an element
• Metals


  Form positive ions
• Non-metals


  On the right hand side of the periodic table
• Properties specific to transition metals


  • They can form more than one ion
  • They are often coloured, therefore compounds which contain them are colourful
  • They often make good catalysts
• Trends as you go down Group 1

  • Increased reactivity
  • Lower melting and boiling points
  • Higher relative atomic mass
• Reaction of Group 1 metal and water


  Hydrogen gas and a metal hydroxide
• Hardness


  Transition metals are harder, denser and stronger than Group 1 metals
• Reactivity


  Group 1 metals are much more reactive than transition metals
• Melting points


  Transition metals have higher melting points than Group 1 metals
• Trends as you go down Group 7

  • They become less reactive
  • They have higher melting and boiling points
  • They have higher relative atomic masses
• Halogens


  Form negative ions when they react with metals
• Boiling point


  Increases as you go down Group 0
• Nucleus


  Contains protons and neutrons
• Relative atomic mass


  The mass number which refers to the element as a whole
• Positive ions


  Formed when a metal atom loses electrons
• Negative ions


  Formed when a non-metal gains electrons
• Air

  A mixture of gases, mainly nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and argon
• Crude oil


  A mixture of different length hydrocarbon molecules
• Chromatography


  Can be used to separate substances in a mixture
• Simple distillation


  Used for separating out a liquid from a solution, e.g. separating pure water from seawater
• Early 1800s


  Elements arranged by their physical and chemical properties and their relative atomic mass
• Basic properties of metals

  • They're strong but are malleable
  • They're great at conducting heat and electricity
  • They have high boiling and melting points
• Reaction of Group 1 metal with chlorine

  A metal chloride salt
• Reaction of Group 1 metal with oxygen


  A metal oxide, depending on the Group 1 metal