Biology (Digestive System)

• Under the front of the tounge moisturizes and lubricates mouth and throat

  Submandibular
• Beneath the tounge supplying saliva

  Sublingual
• Producing saliva found in the front of external ear

  Paratoid
• Eating and making speech sounds at the roof of the mouth

  Palate
• Secretes saliva at the back of the mouth edge of the soft palate

  Uvula
• Breaks down food for swallowing and further digestion

  Teeth
• Movement of food and assisting in swallowing

  Tounge
• Secretes bile and purifies the blood containing newly absorbed nutrients from the small intestine

  Liver
• Stores bile helping to digest fat

  Gallbladder
• Carries bile from gallbladder to duodenum

  Common bile duct
• Makes hormone insulin to help the digestive system

  Pancreas
• Holds and breaks down food into liquid mixing it with acids

  Stomach
• Drains pancreatic fluid and carries it to the duodenum

  Pancreatic duct
• Absorption of vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients

  Duodenum
• helps further digest food from the stomach (Longest in the small intestine)


  Jejunum
• Final in the small intestine most water and nutrients absorbed

  Ileum
• Connecting large intestine to small intestine and absorption of water and electrolytes

  Cecum
• Absorbs remaining water and carries feces from the cecum

  Ascending Colon
• Absorbs water and salts from materials that it cannot digest

  Transverse Colon
• Stores feces to be exiled by the rectum

  Descending Colon
• Pushes feces aking the bowel tract

  Sigmoid Colon
• Recieves stool from colon and sends signal to the brain if there is needed stool to be evacuated and holds the stool until evacuation

  Rectum
• Detect rectal contents and controls when stool should and shouldnt be excreted from the body

  Anus
• Stores good bacteria to maintain gut flora

  Appendix
• Taking food into the mouth.

  Ingestion
• Breaking down of food so it can be absorbed into the small intestine.

  Digestion
• the process of absorbing nutrients during digestion and distributing them to the body for growth and repair.

  assimilation
• the process by which the products of digestion are absorbed by the blood to be supplied to the rest of the body.

  absorption
• The removal of indigestible wastes through the anus, in the form of feces

  elimination
• The rippling motion of muscles in the intestine or other tubular organs characterized by the alternate contraction and relaxation of the muscles that propel the contents onward.

  peristalsis
• The contraction of intestinal circular smooth muscles that mixes chyme 

  Segmentation Contractions
•  thick semifluid mass of partially digested food and digestive secretions that is formed in the stomach and intestine during digestion

  Chyme
• Observed in the large intestinen __ help defend us against disease, make certain vitamins such as vitamin K, and help break down extra food residue that remains after digestion in the small intestine.

  Bacterial Fermentation
• Stomach is prevented from having to self digest because....

  mucosal barrier
• Layer of the stomach

  mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and the serosa
• food that has been mixed with saliva.

  bolus
• food that has been mixed with gastric juice

  Chyme
• breaks down starch into maltose and dextrin which are processed further in the small intestine

  Amylase
• Gastric juice containing

  Pepsin(protease) and hydrochloric acid
• emulsifies fat

  Bile