CRIM301

• juvenile means?

  child
• delinquency is coming from the latin word, delinquere which means?

  to commit an offense
• defines a young person or a child as those who age below 18 years.

  The Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act of 2006 (Republic Act No. 9344)
• what is the majority age of a child in conflict with the law?

  18
• refers to either crimes or status offenses.

  juvenile delinquency
• these are acts or omissions punishable by law

  crimes
• both children and adults could incur penalty

  crimes
• acts and omissions punishable if committed by children

  status offenses
• only children could incur a penalty

  status offenses
• what are the 2 major branches of explanations of juvenile delinquency and crimes in general?

  classical and positivist perspective
• view children as having free will to choose between what is good and bad, and therefore they deserve to be punished

  classical theory
• argues that juveniles are not totally free in deciding to commit crimes.

  positivist perspective
• ability to judge well

  discernment
• founded the classical school of criminology through his book

  Cesare Becarria
• he proposed that free will is not the only factor that leads one to commit crime

  Jeremy Bentham
• jeremy proposed that an individual commits crime because of pleasure and avoidance of pain

  utilitarianism
• who developed the rational choice theory?

  Derek Cornish and Ronald Clarke
• argues that offenders weigh the costs and benefits of the commision of the crime

  rational choice theory
• who proposed routine theory?

  Lawrence Cohen and Marcus Felson
• routine theory argues that crime occur because of the 3 factors

  1.motivated offender 2. suitable target 3. absence of capable guardian
• the positivist perspective originated from the work of?

  Cesare Lombroso
• who is the father of criminology?

  Cesare Lombroso
• He argued that crime was inherited and that there was an association between bodily characteristics and crime

  Cesare Lombroso
• Lombroso proposed atavism theory or the?

  born criminal theory
• views criminals as atavists - backwards in physical features

  atavism theory
• Differential association theory was proposed by the father of american criminology

  Edwin H. Sutherland
• Sutherland argued that?

  crime is learned
• who developed the drift theory?

  David Matza and Gresham Sykes
• drift theory is also called

  neutralization theory
• argued that children move in and out of delinquency depending on the circumstances they are in

  drift theory
• General strain theory was proposed by

  Robert Agnew
• argued that people commit crime when they fail to achieve their social (economic) goal and experience frustration

  General Strain Theory
• what is the first strain in Agnew's theory?

  failure to achieve goals
• what is the second strain in Agnew's theory?

  presentation of negative stimuli
• what is the third strain of Agnew's theory?

  removal of positive stimuli
• containment theory is proposed by

  Walter Reckless
• delinquency is a result of several push and pull process towards crime and the corresponding containment or restraint against crime

  containment theory
• social bond or social control theory was proposed by?

  Travis Hirschi
• in this theory children develop strong attachments with their family, and the law they are less likely to commit crimes

  social bond or social control theory
• these punishments include spanking or using any physical punishment toward a child may lead to delinquency

  corporal punishments