Design And Technology

• What are the physical properties

  -electrical conduction and insulation

  -thermal conduction and insulation

  -optical properties

  -density

  -fusibility

  -magnetism

  -degradation resistance
• What are the mechanical properties a material may have

  -compressive strength

  -tensile strength

  -shear strength

  -torsional strength

  -toughness (how much energy can be absorbed before fracture)

  -plasticity

  -ductility (being drawn out without plastic deform.)

  -malleability (easily changed into a new shape

  -elasticity
• What are the categories for classification of metal

  Ferrous

  Non-ferrous

  Alloy
• What are the categories for classification of wood

  Hardwood (deciduous)

  Softwood (carnivorous)

  Manufactured
• What are the categories for classification of polymers

  Thermoplastic

  Thermosetting plastic

  Elastomer (deformable at room temp)
• What are the other classifications of materials

  Smart material (changes with environment)

  Modern material (made using modern materials)

  Composite (2 or more materials)
• How would you test for tensile strength

  A high tensile strength material will resist stretching or pulling therefore it should be suspended and masses hung from it
• How do you test for toughness

  Hit a sample of the material with a hammer of a dot punch
• How do you test for malleability and ductility

  Band the test piece to 90 degrees if it cracks on the outside it is a lack of ductility if it cracks on the inside it is a lack of malleability
• What are the 2 main ways to dry wood

  Air drying (leaving wood in a dry space)

  Kiln drying (wood is placed in a warm, moist and ventilated are until dry)
• What effect does drying/seasoning wood have

  Gives greater immunity to decay and rot increasing strength and stability and makes wood less corrosive to metals
• Name some hardwoods


  oak, mahogany, beech, balsa, ash
• Name some softwoods


  pine, larch, spruce, cedar
• Name some manufactured boards.

  MDF, plywood, chipboard
• What forms do woods usually come in


  Wood usually come in stock forms that are rough sawn but can also be planes square edge or plained all round however this usually takes about 3mm off the dimensions
• Where do metals come from?

  ores in the ground are smelted down to separate them from slag until a near pure metal is reached
• Name some non ferrous metals and their properties

  Aluminium- light

  Copper- good thermal and electrical conductor and corrosion resistance

  Silver and gold- malleable and ductile

  Titanium- light and hard

  Tin- ductile, malleable and low melting point
• Name some ferrous metals and their properties

  Low carbon steel- ductile, high tensile strength malleable, NOT corrosion resist.

  Medium carbon steel- harder than low carbon but less ductile

  Cast Iron- hard outer shell but brittle inside
• Name some ferrous alloys and their properties

  Stainless steel- Tough, Hard, corrosion resistance

  High speed steel- hard tough and resistant to frictional heat

  Die Steel (tool)- hard and tough
• Name some non ferrous alloys and their properties

  Copper- tough and corrosion resistance

  Brass- corrosion resistance, good thermal and electrical conductor
• What are the stock forms of metal

  Sheet

  Bar

  Plate

  Tube

  Structural
• How are polymers made


  Polymers are distilled from crude oil by fractional distillation and cracking
• Name some thermosetting plastics

  LDPE

  HDPE

  PP

  HIPS

  PMMA

  Nylon

  UPVC

  PVC
• What are the properties and examples of LDPE

  Tough, highly chemical resistant, and can be translucent not very rigid e.g. General packaging
• What are the properties and examples of HDPE

  Tough, weatherproof, chemical resistant can be translucent e.g. Jerry can
• What are the properties and examples of PP


  Fatigue and chemical resistant e.g. rope
• What are the properties and examples of HIPS

  Hard, rigid, tough e.g. yoghurt pot
• What are the properties and examples of PMMA


  Tough corrosion resistant and chemical resistance e.g. baths
• What are the properties and examples of Nylon

  Tough, corrosion resistant, low frict. coefficient, thermal resistance e.g. clothing
• What are the properties and examples of UPVC

  Rigid, Tough, hard, weather resistant, fire retardant e.g. window frames
• What are the properties and examples of PVC

  Tough, Flexible, weather resistance, chemical resistance e.g. hose pipe
• Name some thermosets


  Urea Formaldehyde

  MF

  Polyester resin

  Epoxy resin
• What are the properties of UF

  Hard, heat resistant, electrical insulator, brittle e.g. electrical fittings
• What are the properties of UF

  Hard, Opaque, tough, chemical resistant e.g.laminated
• What are the properties of polyester resin

  Rigid, heat/chemical resistant e.g. GRP and boat hulls
• Name the properties of epoxy resin

  Rigid, clear, hard, tough, chemical resistant e.g. castings and surface coatings
• Name some elastomers and their uses

  Natural rubber- insulation

  Butadiene rubber- tyres

  Neoprene- wetsuits

  Silicone- bakeware
• Name some Biopolymers and their uses


  Corn starch polymer- packaging

  Potatopak- single use food items

  Biobatch- packaging films

  PLA- single use bottles

  PHA- medical packaging

  Lactide- slow release medicine

  Glycolide- food film
• What are the types of biodegradable polymers

  Oxy-degradable

  Photo-degradable

  Hydro-degradable
• Name some forming processes for papers and boards

  Die cutting

  Bending

  Laser cutting