Food and Textile studies

• Micronutrients


  Nutrients needed in small amounts but essential for normal body functioning (vitamins, minerals)
• Essential nutrients

  • Carbohydrates
  • Fats
  • Proteins
  • Vitamins
  • Minerals
  • Water
• Types of vitamins


  • Fat soluble
  • Water soluble
• Fat soluble vitamins


  Dissolve in fat, excess stored under skin
• Water soluble vitamins


  Dissolve in water, excess cannot be stored so need to be taken daily
• Fat soluble vitamins


  • Vitamin A
  • Vitamin D
  • Vitamin E
  • Vitamin K
• Water soluble vitamins


  • Vitamin B group
  • Vitamin C
• Vitamin A


  • Food sources (animal and plant)
  • Importance (maintains vision, keeps skin healthy)
  • Deficiencies (night blindness, loss of sight)
  • Excess (toxicity)
• Vitamin D


  • Food sources (sunlight, fish liver oils, dairy)
  • Importance (builds strong bones and teeth, helps absorb calcium)
  • Deficiencies (rickets)
  • Excess (toxicity)
• Vitamin E


  • Food sources (plant oils, nuts, seeds, leafy greens)
  • Importance (antioxidant, protects cells)
  • Deficiencies (nerve and muscle damage)
  • Excess (bleeding)
• Vitamin K


  • Food sources (leafy greens, liver, eggs, milk)
  • Importance (blood clotting)
  • Deficiencies (bleeding)
  • Excess (toxicity)
• Vitamin B group


  • Food sources (meat, fish, eggs, dairy, legumes, whole grains)
  • Importance (energy production, nerve function, red blood cell formation)
  • Deficiencies (beriberi, pellagra, pernicious anemia)
  • Excess (toxicity)
• Vitamin C


  • Food sources (citrus fruits, berries, tomatoes, peppers)
  • Importance (antioxidant, immune function, collagen production)
  • Deficiencies (scurvy)
  • Excess (diarrhea, kidney stones)
• Minerals


  • Food sources
  • Importance
  • Deficiencies
  • Excess
• Water


  • Importance (regulates body temperature, transports nutrients, eliminates waste)
  • Deficiencies (dehydration)
  • Excess (water intoxication)
• Fat-soluble Vitamins


  • Vitamin A
  • Vitamin D
  • Vitamin E
  • Vitamin K
• Vitamin A


  Maintains good vision in dim light, keeps the skin smooth and healthy
• Deficiency of Vitamin A causes night blindness and loss of sight
• Vitamin D


  Helps to build strong bones and teeth, helps the body to absorb the mineral calcium
• Deficiency of Vitamin D causes poor bone growth in children and weak bones and teeth
• Deficiency disease of Vitamin D is rickets (bow legs) in children
• Vitamin E


  Prevents fats and Vitamin A from oxidation, protects body cells
• Deficiencies and excess of Vitamin E are rare
• Vitamin K


  Essential for normal clotting of blood
• Deficiency of Vitamin K delays clotting of blood, especially in infants during injuries
• Excess of Vitamin K is rare
• Water-soluble Vitamins


  • Vitamin B group
  • Vitamin C
• Vitamin B group


  Helps in the release of energy from food after digestion and absorption, helps to maintain a healthy nervous system
• Deficiencies of Vitamin B group cause poor appetite, fatigue, irritability and poor functioning of the nervous system
• Deficiency diseases of Vitamin B group are beriberi and pellagra
• Excess of Vitamin B group is rare
• Vitamin C


  Protects the body from infections, helps in the healing of wounds, helps in the absorption of the mineral iron in the body
• Deficiency of Vitamin C causes lowered resistance to infection, poor wound healing, anaemia and scurvy (dry scaly skin and bleeding gums)
• Excess of Vitamin C can cause diarrhoea and nausea
• Anaemia is the most common iron deficiency disease among children, adolescents, women and pregnant women
• Minerals


  • Calcium
  • Iron
  • Potassium
  • Sodium
  • Iodine
• Calcium


  Helps in the formation of strong bones and teeth, needed for the clotting of blood in wounds
• Deficiency of Calcium causes poor growth in children and mottling of teeth
• Excess of Calcium can cause weakening of bones in adults, calcification of soft tissues and increase in the level of calcium in the blood (Hypercalcemia)
• Deficiency disease of Calcium is rickets in children (combined with a shortage of Vitamin D)