Science revision

• The process of photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells, specifically in the thylakoid membranes where chlorophyll is located.
• During photosynthesis, chlorophyll absorbs light energy, which is then used to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.
• Chlorophyll is a green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plant cells that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis.
• The palisade layer is where most of photosynthesis occurs. It is made up of chloroplasts and is found in the upper part of the leaf.
• The nucleus controls all activity in the cell and contains the cell's genetic material.
• Cytoplasm is where most of chemical reactions happen in the cell. It is where most of the cell's chemical reactions take place.
• The cell membrane is a selectively permeable barrier that controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
• Cellulose is a substance made at the cell wall. It is a long chain of glucose molecules.
• A tissue is group of cells that come together to perform a specific function.
• Diffusion is the process of particles moving from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
• Respiration is the process of transferring energy from glucose to the cell's molecules.
• Aerobic respiration is the process of glucose being broken down into carbon dioxide and water
• Anaerobic respiration is the process of glucose being broken down to produce carbon dioxide and water
• Respiration takes place in the mitochondria of the cell.
• Carbohydrates are needed for energy and building materials.
• Proteins are needed for growth, repair, and maintenance of body tissues.
• Fats are needed for energy, insulation, and hormones.
• Fibre is needed for the normal functioning of the digestive system.
• Vitamin c is needed for collagen formation, wound healing, and immune function.
• Gametes are sex chromosomes that are haploid and contain 23 chromosomes
• Fertilisation is the process by which a sperm cell fuses with an egg cell to form a zygote
• The word equation for photosynthesis is carbon dioxide + water= oxygen + glucose
• In a food chain the direction of the arrow shows the direction of energy flow
• Chromosomes are found in the nucleus of the cell and are made up of DNA.
• A gene is a section of DNA that codes for a specific protein.
• Humans have 46 chromosomes
• As temperature increases, pressure increases and volume decreases. This is because the particles are further apart.
• A substance that contains two or more different substances that can be separated easily using physical methods is meant by a mixture.
• Chromatography is a technique used to separate dyes in inks.
• Distillation is a method used to separate coloured ink from water.
• An alloy is a mixture of two or more metals, where one metal is present in a greater proportion than the other.
• An exothermic reaction is a reaction that gives out heat.
• An endothermic reaction is a reaction that takes in energy from the surroundings.
• Salt + water is formed in a neutralisation reaction.
• When a metal reacts with an acid salt+hydrogen is created.
• A displacement reaction is when a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its compound.
• Energy is measured in joules.
• Conduction is when the particles vibrate and transfer energy to neighbouring particles.
• Convection is when heat is transferred by the movement of particles in a fluid.
• Radiation is when a particle is emitted from the nucleus of an atom.