antibodies in medici e

• Antibodies are probably identical and have the same tertiary structure
• How the ELISA test works

  1. Antibody with enzyme attached binds to antigen

  2. Substrate reacts with enzyme to produce colour change

  3. Colour change indicates presence of antigen/antibody
• ELISA test


  • Medical diagnostic test that uses antibodies
  • Can test for pathogenic infections, allergies, and more
• ELISA test applications


  • Testing for HIV
  • Testing for other antibodies
• Indirect ELISA procedure


  1. HIV antigen bound to well

  2. Patient's blood plasma added

  3. HIV-specific antibodies bind to antigen

  4. Wash to remove unbound antibodies

  5. Secondary antibody with enzyme added

  6. Wash to remove unbound secondary antibody

  7. Substrate added, colour change indicates HIV antibodies present
• Washing steps are important to remove unbound antibodies that could affect the results
• Monoclonal antibodies


  Antibodies made against other antibodies