Biology Topic 2

• Name the basic building block of all cells?

  Cells
• Define tissue?


  A group of cells with a similar structure and function
• Define organ?


  A group of tissues that work together a specific function?
• Define organ system?


  A group of organs working together to form a function
• What is an organism?


  All living things
• What is the function of the digestive system?

  To digest food and absorb useful things
• What produce digestive juices?

  Glands
• What two organs digest food?

  Stomach/small intestine
• What organ produces bile?

  Liver
• What does the small intestine do?

  Absorb soluble food molecules
• What does the large intestine do?

  Absorb water from undigested food
• Define enzyme?


  A biological catalyst
• What are enzymes made of?

  Proteins
• What two parts are involved in the lock and key model?


  Active site and substrate
• What is it called when the active site binds round the substrate?

  Induced fit
• What does a rise in temperature do to the rate of reactions with enzymes until about 45 degrees?

  Increases
• What happens to enzymes at 45 degrees Celsius?

  Denature
• What happens when an enzyme denatures?

  Active site changes shape
• What happens to enzymes if the pH gets too high?

  Denature
• What enzyme breaks down starch?

  amylase
• What enzyme breaks down proteins?

  protease
• What enzyme breaks down lipids?

  lipase
• What does the break down of Starch form?

  maltose
• What does the break down of proteins form?

  amino acids
• What does the break down of lipids form?

  glycerol/fatty acids
• Where is amylase produced?

  Salivary glands, pancreas, small intestine
• Where is protease produced?

  Stomach, pancreas, small intestine
• What specific protease is made in the stomach?

  pepsin
• Where is lipase produced?

  Pancreas and small intestine
• Where is bile produced?

  liver
• Where is bile stored?

  gallbladder
• Where is bile released?

  small intestine
• What does bile do?

  Neutralises stomach acid and emulsifies fats
• Where is the final place faeces is stored in the human digestive system?

  rectum
• How does the stomach kill bacteria?

  pH 2 hydrochloric acid
• How does the stomach help with the break down of food?

  pummels the food with muscular walls
• In a practical measuring time it takes for amylase pH to change acidic what would you use as an indicator?

  Iodine
• How would you breaks up a food sample?

  Front with a pestle and mortar?
• How do you test reducing sugars?

  Benedict solution goes blue to brick red in a bath of 75°c
• How do you test for starch?

  Iodine orange to black