Philoooooi.....

• Some philosophers, especially in Ancient Greece, believed that our idea of the self is formed by essential and accidental properties.
• There are some philosophers, however, who disagree with this view. In particular, the Scottish philosopher David Hume argued that "there is no such thing as the self."
• the notion of essentialism — that there are certain qualities that make things what they are—it is important to go through the history, even briefly, of the idea in order to gain a better understanding of what it means to be an authentic

  Subject in the world.
• Ancient philosophers such as Aristotle believed that all beings have a certain essence that make them what they are
• To live as a Subject in this world is, in many ways, to keep in mind these thoughts
• the Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard , to exist is to realize oneself through free choice and self-commitment
• He believed, first and foremost, that though man had the responsibility to create meaning in his life, he was ultimately finite . God, on the other hand, was infinite
• The third and final stage is the stage of Faith . As man

  chooses to live by moral standards, it is only natural that

  he feels tied down and lacks self-sufficiency.
• The second stage is the Ethical . Knowing that he is full of passions and emotion, man

  then chooses to accept moral standards as a way to guide his everyday dealings.
• The first stage is the Aesthetic . Here, he acknowledges that man is governed by impulses and emotion
• t was the seventeenth century English philosopher John Locke who argued that being can be known via their Primary Qualities and Secondary Qualities.
• There is, however, an important difference between just having a body—with a certain weight, height, color, temperature, etcetera—and living a human experience .
• The early twentieth century French philosopher Maurice Merleau-Ponty gave an important insight into what it means to live a meaningful human existence.
• Cartesian Doubt – A systematic or methodical progress way of doubting such that one believes only the things that cannot be doubted
• Accidental Qualities – Qualities that, if changed, have no bearing on the essence or kind of thing something is
• Abstract Knowledge – The ability to respond or follow a given command using one’s body
• Existentialism – a 19 th and 20 th century philosophical movement that focused on individual existence
• Essential Qualities – Qualities that, if changed, would mean that a thing is no longer what it is
• Embodied Knowledge – Innate or inherent knowledge brought about by constant interaction with one’s world
• Secondary Reflection – Taking a stance in the position of the individual going through the experience when reflecting
• Primary Qualities – Qualities that are present in the objects themselves
• Secondary Qualities – Qualities which the perceiver places upon the objects
• An opposing element to water, fire, was thought to be the basic component by Heraclitus
• Thales of Miletus thought that the basic element that composes everything is water
• Because of this, the ancient period in the history of Philosophy is known to be cosmocentric (universe-centered)
• Anaximander, on the other hand, did not believe in a single element like water or fire that explains the existence of everything in the world
• Leucippus and Democritus, however, were the first thinkers to conceive of atoms.
• This is a form of Consequentialism which is a view that examines the consequence of an action
• From a secular standpoint, we could look at the ethical school of thought called Utilitarianism.
• St. Thomas Aquinas, a philosopher from the Medieval period, called God as the summum bonum.
• s in a negative way. Another philosophy we can take to guide our behavior towards our world are the ancient Chinese philosophical teachings of Confucius
• However, there is also a Deontological approach in Ethics.
• We are not ignorant to the term vegetarianism. It is defined as the practice of non-consumption of meat and/or products that come from animals like milk or eggs
• consequentialism - a position in ethics that determines the goodness of an action
• atoms - invisible elements which are the basic components of matter
• apeiron - the limitless, from which other basic elements come from
• summum bonum - the highest good
• deontological ethics - a position in ethics that determines the goodness of an action based on its intrinsic value
• cosmocentric - focused on the universe
• vegetarianism - the practice of restraining from consuming animal products