viral infection pt2

• Adenoviruses


  Medium-sized, nonenveloped viruses with an icosahedral nucleocapsid containing a double-stranded DNA genome

  
• Cornea is involved in 50% of cases, with permanent scarring of the cornea in severe cases
• Viral Gastroenteritis


  Sometimes referred to as "Stomach flu" or "24-hour flu"
• Viral Gastroenteritis can be fatal in an infant or young child
• Viral Gastroenteritis is a self-limiting sickness lasting 24 to 48 hours
• Rotavirus


  A genus of double-stranded RNA viruses, Family: Reoviridae, common cause of diarrheal disease and other intestinal diseases among infants and young children

  
• Astrovirus


  Small single-stranded RNA viruses that also belong to the Astroviridae family, plays a major role in infectious diarrhea among all age groups

  
• Most individuals (90%) will have developed antibodies towards astrovirus by age 9 years, underscoring its prevalence

  
• Hepatitis


  Inflammation of the liver
• The most common types of hepatitis in the United States are hepatitis A, B, and C
• Hepatitis A Virus (HAV)


  Small, unenveloped symmetrical RNA virus, the cause of infectious or epidemic hepatitis transmitted by the fecal-oral route

  
• Hepatitis B Virus


  Double-stranded DNA viruses which replicate, unusually, by reverse transcription, causes Hepatitis B: the leading cause of liver cancer
• Hepatitis C Virus


  Spread through contact with infected blood
• Hepatitis D


  Known as "delta hepatitis", only occurs in people who are also infected with the hepatitis B virus, spread through blood, or contact with other body fluids such as semen, vaginal fluid, or saliva of an infected person
• Hepatitis D can be acute, short-term infection or become a long-term, chronic infection, can cause severe symptoms and serious illness, lead to life-long liver damage;death, no vaccine to prevent hepatitis D
• Hepatitis E Virus (HEV)


  Causes Hepatitis E or Enteric hepatitis, found in the stool of an infected person, spread through ingestion – even in microscopic amounts
• Hepatitis E is common to people who have recently traveled to countries where hepatitis E is common, if hepatitis recurs at age 20-30, it can lead to cancer of the liver
• Young children with hepatitis E: no symptoms, except if with compromised immune systems, Most people recover fully from the disease without any complications, No vaccine for hepatitis E
• Condylomata Acuminata


  Occurs in the genitalia & perianal area, also known as Genital warts / Genital Papillomatosis
• Genital Herpes


  Caused by Herpes Simplex Virus, a DNA virus under herpes viruses, 2 types: HSV 1 & HSV 2, HSV 2 more common
• Genital Herpes is capable of latency in neurons hence recurrent infection may occur, Recurrent infection: less severe, shorter duration, Congenital herpes simplex is an infection caused by exposure in the uterus, In most cases, babies contract congenital herpes in the birth canal during delivery
• Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

  RNA virus of retrovirus, With reverse transcriptase, With glycoprotein on its envelope, Binds with helper T cells (CD4 + T cells), Causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

  
• Kaposi's sarcoma


  A rare type of cancer that occurs due to a virus, Typically affects the skin and mouth and can cause oral symptoms, such as lesions inside the mouth, Typically appear as painless purplish spots on the legs, feet, face, genital, lymph nodes or oral cavity, Hallmark sign of full blown AIDS
• Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)


  A serious infection caused by the fungus Pneumocystis jirovecii previously known as Pneumocystis carinii, The most common opportunistic infection in persons with HIV infection, A fungal pneumonia that does not respond to antifungal medication, Most common cause of death of full blown AIDS patient, Characterized by tachypnea, dyspnea and cough, and fever
• as painless

  Purplish spots on the legs, feet, face, genital, lymph nodes or oral cavity
• Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)


  A serious infection caused by the fungus Pneumocystis jirovecii, previously known as Pneumocystis carinii
• Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)


  • The most common opportunistic infection in persons with HIV infection
  • A fungal pneumonia that does not respond to antifungal medication
  • Most common cause of death of full blown AIDS patient
• ELISA TEST


  enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Another name for it is an EIA
• ELISA TEST

  Tests a patient's blood sample for antibodies and antigen
• ELISA TEST

  Screening test
• Western Blot Assay


  Separates the blood proteins and detects the specific proteins (called HIV antibodies) that indicate an HIV infection

  
• Western Blot Assay

  Confirmatory test
• Antiretroviral Therapy


  Suppress the virus by interfering with its ability to replicate in the body, and thereby significantly lower the amount of virus in your blood and body fluids
• Prevention


  • Education of public
  • Safe sex
  • Screening blood donor
  • Healthcare – PPE
  • Disinfection of contaminated surface & laundry
• Infectious mononucleosis


  Other name: Mono/ Kissing disease
• Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)


  The most common cause of infectious mononucleosis
• Infectious mononucleosis


  • Common among teenagers and young adults, especially college students (immunocompetent)
• Mode of Transmission


  Spread by saliva through kissing, sharing drinks and food, using the same cups, utensils or toothbrushes, having contact with toys that children have drooled on
• Burkitt's Lymphoma


  • An aggressive non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma
  • The disease is associated with Epstein Barr virus (EBV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

  
• Cytomegalovirus (CMV)


  • Primarily infects newborns and immunocompromised adults
  • Isolated in saliva, blood, stool, tears, throat, semen, vagina and cervical secretions, amniotic fluid and tissues