DISS/2ND LESSON/M8/4TH QUARTER

• Phenomenological Research


  Enables you to explore experiences and sensory perception (different to abstract perceptions) of researched phenomenon, and the formation of understanding based on these experiences and perceptions (Alfornon 2019)
• Research strategy


  Based on either your own or other people's experiences and sensory perceptions (Alfornon 2019)
• Lived Experiences of Hermeneutical Phenomenology

  • Lived body
  • Lived space
  • Lived time
  • Lived human relations
• Lived body


  Our physical body or bodily presence in our everyday lives, including all that we feel, reveal, conceal, and share through our lived body. We are always present in the world through our body; as such, it is through our lived body that we communicate, feel, interact, and experience the world (Stephanie Rich 2013)
• Lived space


  The existential theme that refers us to the world or landscape in which human beings move and find themselves at home. When we want to understand a person we ask about his or her world, profession, interests, background, place of birth and childhood, etc. (Manen 2011)
• Lived time


  Time as we experience it. This is composed of a subjective understanding of time as opposed to the more objective or "factual" time, and it refers to the ways in which we experience our world on a temporal level. The way we feel can influence how we experience time and moments, and conversely, constraints, freedoms, and demands placed by time can also affect how we feel (Stephanie Rich 2013)
• Lived human relations


  The relations we make and/or maintain with others in our lifeworld. Our human relations include the communications and relationships we experience with others through the spaces and interactions we share and create with them (Stephanie Rich 2013)
• Human


  • Have the capacity to interact with their environment
  • Humans and the environment have that "mutual" interaction with each other
  • Have the capacity to change or influence the balance of society (David 2018)
• Environment


  • A complex of many variables which surrounds man as well as the living organisms
  • Includes water, air and land and the interrelation ships which exists among and between water, air and land (David 2018)
• System


  A complex of interacting components together with the relationships among them that permit the identification of a boundary-maintaining entity or process (David 2018)
• Human-Environment Systems


  • Also known as CHANS (coupled human and natural system)
  • Dynamical two-way interactions between human systems (e.g. economic, social) and natural (e.g. hydrologic, atmospheric, biological, geological) systems
  • Social and natural systems are inseparable
  • Tackle broader investigations into the complex nature of reciprocating interactions and feedbacks humans on the environment and the effect of the environment on humans (David 2018)
• Landscape


  • The visible features of an area of land of countryside or land, often considered in terms of their aesthetic appeal
  • Part of the Earth's surface that can be viewed at one time from one place
  • Continually changing under the influence of many different factors (Berroya 2017)
• Types of Landscape


  • Natural Landscape
  • Cultural Landscape (David 2018)
• Natural Landscape


  Original landscapes that exists before it is acted upon by human culture (David 2018)
• Cultural Landscape


  • Cultural properties [that] represent the combined works of nature and of man (World Heritage Committee)
  • Designed and created intentionally by man
  • An organically evolved landscape which may be relict landscape (David 2018)
• Thematic Map


  Focuses on a specific theme or subject area such as physical phenomena like temperature variation, rainfall distribution, and population density in an area (Berroya 2017)
• Mental Map


  • First-person perspective of an area and how they interact with it
  • The image you have of your neighborhood. Your mental map of where you live allows you to know how to get to your favorite coffee shop
  • It is what you use to plan activities and routes to travel (Berroya 2017)
• Spatial Distribution


  • The arrangement of a phenomenon across Earth's surface and graphical display of such an arrangement is an important tool in geographical and environmental statistics
  • Describes how spread out a population is (what area it occurs in), while population density describes how many individuals are found in a given area (Berroya 2017)
• Spatial Analysis


  A type of geographical analysis which seeks to explain patterns of human behavior and its spatial expression in terms of mathematics, and geometry, that is, locational analysis (Berroya 2017)
• Environmental Issues (Environmental Action and Effects)

  • Human Overpopulation
  • Intensive Farming
  • Exhaustive Land Use
  • Hydrology (David 2018)
• Human Overpopulation


  • Human overpopulation occurs when the ecological foot print of a human population in a specific geographical location exceeds the carrying capacity of the place occupied by that group
  • Water scarcity
  • Land reclamation
  • Waste disposal management
  • Urbanization (David 2018)
• Intensive Farming


  • Intensive farming or intensive agriculture is a kind of agriculture where a lot of capital and labor are used to increase the yield that can be obtained per area
  • Intensive animal farming
  • Intensive crop farming
  • Pesticide drift
  • Plasticulture
  • Slash and burn
  • Deforestation
  • Environmental effects of meat products (David 2018)
• Exhaustive Land Use


  • It involves exhaustive management and modification of natural environment or wilderness into built environment such as settlements and semi-natural habitats such as arable fields, arrangements, activities, and inputs that people undertake in a certain land cover type
  • Habitat fragmentation
  • Habitat destruction
  • Land degradation
  • Built environment
  • Desertification (David 2018)
• Hydrology


  • It is the scientific study of the movement, distribution, and quality of water on Earth and other planets, including the water cycle, water resources and environmental watershed sustainability
  • Tile drainage
  • Flooding
  • Landslide (David 2018)