muscle

• ACTIONS OF MUSCLES

  • Flexion
  • Extension
  • Adduction
  • Pronation
  • Supination
  • Dorsiflexion
  • Plantar flexion
  • Rotation
• Flexion


  To decrease the angle of a joint
• Extension


  To increase the angle of a joint
• Adduction


  To move closer to the midline
• Pronation


  To turn the palm down
• Supination


  To turn the palm up
• Dorsiflexion


  To elevate the foot
• Plantar flexion


  To lower the foot (point the toes)
• Rotation


  To move a bone around its longitudinal axis
• MUSCLES OF THE HEAD AND NECK

  • Frontalis
  • Orbicularis oculi
  • Orbicularis oris
  • Masseter
  • Buccinator
  • Sternocleidomastoid
  • Semispinalis capitis
  • Splenius capitis
• Frontalis


  Raises eyebrows, wrinkles skin and forehead
• Orbicularis oculi


  Closes eye
• Orbicularis oris


  Puckers lips
• Masseter


  Closes jaw
• Buccinator


  Pulls corners of mouth laterally
• Sternocleidomastoid


  Turns head to opposite side (both flex head and neck)
• Semispinalis capitis


  Turns head to same side (both - extend head and neck)
• Splenius capitis


  Turns head to same side (both - extend head)
• MUSCLES OF THE TRUNK

  • Trapezius
  • External intercostals
  • Internal intercostals
  • Diaphragm
  • Rectus abdominis
  • External oblique
• Trapezius


  Raises, lowers, and adducts shoulders
• External intercostals


  Pulls rib up and out (inhalation)
• Internal intercostals


  Pulls rib down and in (exhalation)
• Diaphragm


  Flattens (down) to enlarge chest cavity for inhalation
• Rectus abdominis


  Flexes vertebral column, compresses abdomen
• External oblique


  Rotates and flexes vertebral column, compresses abdomen
• MUSCLES OF THE SHOULDER AND ARM

  • Deltoid
  • Pectoralis major
  • Latissimus dorsi
  • Triceps brachii
  • Teres major
  • Biceps brachii
  • Brachioradialis
• Deltoid


  Abducts the humerus
• Pectoralis major


  Flexes and adducts the humerus
• Latissimus dorsi


  Extends and adducts the humerus
• Triceps brachii


  Extends the forearm
• Teres major


  Extends and adducts the humerus
• Biceps brachii


  Flexes the forearm
• Brachioradialis


  Flexes the forearm
• MUSCLES OF THE HIP AND LEG

  • Iliopsoas
  • Gluteus maximus
  • Gluteus medius
  • Quadriceps femoris group
  • Hamstring group
  • Adductor group
  • Sartorius
  • Gastrocnemius
  • Soleus
  • Levator ani
  • Coccygeus
  • Ischiocavernosus
  • Bulbospongiosus
• Iliopsoas


  Flexes femur
• Gluteus maximus


  Extends femur
• Gluteus medius

  Abducts femur
• Quadriceps femoris group


  Flexes femur and extends lower leg
• Hamstring group


  Extends femur and flexes lower leg
• Adductor group

  Adducts femur