SCIENCE QUIZ

• Chromosomes- All living things contain a self replicating genetic material that directs the activities and functions of the cell.
• Deoxyribonucleic Acid - is the genetic material located inside a chromosome in the nucleus of the cell.
• Parts of the Chromosomes?

  1. Centromere- the attachment points of the two chromatids of a chromosomes. It is also described as the construction points which divides the chromosomes into section,or arms
  2. Sister chromatids - on the bottom of chromosomes
  3. Heterochromatin- ( Darkly staining region)
  4. Euchromatin- (lightly staining region
  5. P ARM - upper arms of the chromosome which is usually shorter
  6. Q ARM- lower arms of the chromosome which is usually longer.

  
• Chromatids- Two identical halves of a replicated chromosome after the synthesis phase or the S phase of the cell cycle.
• Fill IT!

  ORGANISM||||CHROMOSOME NUM

  • Human - 46
  • Chimpanzee- 48
  • HouseMouse- 40
  • Maize -20
• Cell Cycle- The chromosomes of a cell change their form as they undergo cell transitions from one stage to another in a typically cell cycle
• 2 STAGES OF CELL CYCLE

  • Interphase
  • Cell division or Mitotic Phase
• Interphase

  • where the chromosomes are long and extended
  • Is the interval between two cell divisions
  • It obtains nutrient and metabolizes,grows, replicated its DNA in preparation for mitosis
• 3 SUB - STAGE OF INTERPHASE

  • First Gap or G1
  • Synthesis Phase or S-Phase
  • Second Gap or G2
• First Gap Or G1

  • Cell grows initially
  • Synthesis of Protein and RNA occurs mitochondria increase in number.
• RNA MEANS?

  • Ribonucleic Acid
• Synthesis Phase Or S Phase

  • DNA are synthesized thus replicating the chromosomes in preparation for the next cell division
• SecondGap or G2

  • Cell grows rapidly
  • Cell prepares for the actual cell division
• Cell Division Or Mitotic Phase

  • Where the chromosomes become condensed or thickened
• 2 STAGE OF CELL CYCLE

  1. Mitosis
  2. Meiosis
• STAGE OF MITOSIS

  1. PROPHASE STAGE
  2. METAPHASE STAGE
  3. ANAPHASE STAGE
  4. TELOPHASE STAGE
• 2 MAIN TYPES OF CELLS

  1. Somatic or Body cell
  2. Gametes or Sex
• Cytokinesis- To cut
• Somatic OR Body Cells

  • The majority of the cell are called somatic or Body cells
  • These consist of two complete sets of chromosomes them diploid in Number( 2n), 46 chromosomes in each daughter cells.
• -All Human somatic cells or Body also Have 46 chromosomes
• Multicellular eukaryotic organisms like Human that undergo sexual reproduction use Gametes or Sex cells to produce offspring
• Gametes or sex cell are called - haploid cells union of which result to creation of a new organism
• • Each of these cells produced has only twenty three chromosomes (23
  • Sperm Cell- 23 chromosomes
  • Egg Cell- 23 chromosomes
• DIPLOID- IN THE BODY AND HAS 46 chromosomes

  HAPLOID- IN GAMETES OR SEX AND HAS 23 chromosomes only
• Meiosis- Through the cell division meiosis produce gametes or sex cells( sperm cell and Egg cells)
• 2 STAGE OF MEIOSIS

  MEIOSIS I

  MEIOSIS II

  • The cell divides twice in these processes.
• • Thus, in Humans, a new life originates with the normal diploid number (2n) pf forty six chromosomes
  • Then the zygote- undergoes the process of mitosis, producing cells with a forty six chromosomes each
• STAGES OF MEIOSIS I

  1. Prophase I Stage
  2. Metaphase I Stage
  3. Anaphase I Stage
  4. Telophase I Stage
• • Gametogenesis, In males, gametogenesis is known as Spermatogenesis, While In female is know. As Oogenesis.
• Who Illustrated the THE CELL CYCLE- Rosa Mia L. Pontillo

  
• • MALE OR FEMALE?
  • male

  
• • MALE OR FEMALE
  • Female