k

• Short run


  When we are stuck in the world where it is (can't make more products without overworking)
• Long run


  The future where everything can be changed (eg. a company can build as many factories as it wants)
• Restructuring a company


  Making changes to adapt to the revolving present
• Streamlining


  Simplifying work for more core projects
• Restructuring can be applied in our lives by setting goals and becoming a better person, erasing bad habits and ways
• Functional structure


  Organising different types of tasks to ensure efficiency
• Rebranding


  Targeting new audiences and refreshing image, but needs quality to avoid looking fake
• Rebranding can succeed if the company stays the same, and consumers should have a voice as they can greatly impact the success of rebranding
• Rebranding requires innovation and adaptation to stay competitive in today's market
• Crowdsourcing


  Collecting consumer input
• Subscription


  Regular payments to a site
• Drop-shipping


  Direct delivery
• Peer-to-peer


  Direct exchange
• Freemium


  Having basic features without cost, but advanced features with costs
• Razor-and-blades


  Scam of discounts ("sale")
• Virtual storefronts


  Online shops
• Pop-up stores


  Temporary stores
• Value-added resellers


  Resellers with additional functions
• Moneyball


  Efficient and data-driven, can be used in complex decisions with data
• Moneyball cannot be used for quicker decisions with limited data
• Barnes and Noble couldn't compete with Amazon at first, but embraced online sales and trends. Other physical stores struggling can benefit like that
• Walmart effect


  Social + economic effect. Job creation, price reduction, displacement of small business
• Artworks illustrating societal issues

  • "Supermarket Shopper" by Duane Hanson
  • "A Supermarket in California" by Alan Ginsberg
  • "99 Cent" by Andreas Gursky
• Economic development, market, culture and infrastructure is what we can learn from global franchises in countries
• Primary ecological succession


  Starts without soil in barren areas
• Secondary ecological succession


  Opposite of primary
• Reintroducing species can disrupt ecology, and many factors need to be considered
• De-extinction


  Poses challenges and profit opportunities, with the woolly mammoth showing promise while other animals face habitat and ecological concerns
• If major companies left Russia, local businesses, startups, and government intervention could fill the gaps, but success would depend on factors like innovation and meeting consumer needs
• Development of fonts


  1. Gutenberg's printing press

  2. Serif fonts by Firmin Didot and Giambattista Bodoni

  3. Sans-serif fonts like Caslon Egyptian

  4. TrueType and OpenType formats
• Font changes


  • Microsoft changed from Calibri to Aptos
  • TfL changed from Johnston sans to Johnston100
• Serif fonts


  Have strokes at the end of their letters
• Sans-serif fonts


  Do not have strokes at the end of their letters
• Forensic font experts can investigate fonts, finding out if a document was faked or is legal based on its subtle designs and whether the font could be printed then
• There is an ongoing debate on whether the US government should standardise fonts - accessibility vs resistance
• Barcode origin


  Inspired by Joe Woodland's concept on Miami Beach, influenced by Morse code, patented in 1952, adopted by Kroger, established universal product code system
• New retail technologies


  • Amazon Go stores with "Just Walk Out" technology
  • QR code menus
• Critics argue that physical menus serve as cultural documents, reflecting societal norms and changes in cuisine, gender studies, and restaurant history
• Digital journalism aids historians but preservation is challenging. Collaboration ensures accuracy
• Evolution of interviews


  Originated in ancient civilizations' methods of assessing individuals, evolved into structured practices for personnel selection and evaluation, leading to standardised procedures in modern times