COMMUNICABLE DISEASE 2

• BACILLIARY DYSENTRY (SHIGELLOSIS)

  • acute bacterial infection of the intestine
• SHIGELLOSIS Symptoms

  • diarrhea
  • fever
  • tenesmus
  • blood mucoid stools
• SHIGELLOSIS CA

  • Shigella sonnei
  • Shigella boydii
  • Shigella flexnari
  • Shigella dysenteriae
• TYPHOID

  • systemic infection characterized by continued fever, malaise, anorexia, slow pulse, involvement of lymphoid tissue, splenomegaly, rose spots on trunks and diarrhea.
  • Common among person over 40 years of age - female
  • Flies are vectors
• TYPHOID CA

  • Salmonella typhii
• WIDAL TEST

  • Used to detect the antibodies against salmonella specific O (somatic) and H (flagellar).
• HEPATITIS A

  • form of hepatitis occuring sporadically or in epidemics.
  • caused by virus iintroduced by fecal contaminated water or food.
  • virus appears in the feces 2 weeks before appearance of symtoms.
  • Jaundice or elevated total bilirubin ≥3.0 mg/dl
• HEPATITIS A CA

  • Hepatitis A Virus
• HEPATITIS A Symptoms

  • influenza like symptoms
  • Malaise
  • Anorexia
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Fever
  • Lymphadenopathy
  • Jaundice
  • Bilirubinemia with clay colored stool
• PARALYTIC SHELLFISH POISONING

  • a syndrome of characteristic symptoms which occur within a minute or several hours after ingestion of poisonous shellfish
  • Drinking pure milk or sodium bicarbonate solution weakened the toxic effect of red tide.
• PSP CA

  • Dinoflagellates - commonly referred as plankton
  • Pyromidium bahamense var. compressum - Manila Bay, Samar, Bataan, Zambales
• PSP Symptoms

  • Numbness of face
  • Vomiting
  • Tingling sensation and eventually paralysis of hands and feet
  • Difficulty of speech (ataxia) and difficulty of swallowing (dysphagia)
  • Total muscle paralysis
• LEPTOSPIROSIS

  • It is a worldwide zoonotic disease
  • Rat is the main host of the disease
  • It is an occupational disease.
• LEPTOSPIROSIS CA

  • Leptospira interrogans
• LEPTOSPIROSIS Symptoms

  • Leptospiremic Phase - lepstospires presents in blood and CSF. myalgia, nausea, vomiting, cough, chest pain.
  • Immune phase - correlates with the appearance of circulating IgM
• LEPTOSPIROSIS Treatment

  • Penicillin
  • Tetracycline
  • Erythromycin
• RABIES

  • an acute viral encephalomyelitis caused by Rabies virus
  • Urban or canine rabies - dog
  • sylvatic rabies - wild animals
  • 300-600 Filipinos die of rabies every year
• RABIES CA

  • rhabdovirus of the genus Lyssavirus
• RABIES SYMPTOMS

  • Sense of apprehension
  • Sensory change near the site of animal bite
  • Spasm of muscles or deglutition on attempt to swallow
  • Paralysis
  • Delirium and convulsion
• SCABIES

  • a communicable disease of skin characterized by eruptive lesions produced by the burrowing of female parasite into the skin.
  • direct contact with infected person or clothing and bedding
• SCABIES Symptoms

  • Itching
  • Minor discomfort skin may feel hot or burning
  • Second dermatitis is common
• SCABIES Treatment

  • Benzyl benzoate emulsion
• SCABIES CA

  • Sarcoptes scabiei, itch mite
• ANTHRAX

  • an acute bacterial disease usually affecting the skin but which may vary rarely involves oropharynx
  • lower respiratory tract, mediastinum or intestinal tract
• ANTHRAX CA

  • Bacillus anthracis
• ANTHRAX Symptoms

  • Black eschars
  • Pulmonary anthrax
  • Gastrointestinal anthrax
• MENINGOCOCCEMIA

  • usually a sporadic. There is an increase rate in smokers, overcrowded households, and military recruits.
• MENINGOCOCCEMIA CA

  • Neisseria meningitidis
• MENINGOCOCCEMIA Symptoms

  • High grade fever in first 24 hours
  • Weakness, joint, muscle pain
  • Hemorrhagic rash
  • Meningeal irritation
• BIRD FLU or AVIAN INFLUENZA

  • recognized both as emerging and re-emerging viral infection and is described as unvarying disease caused by a varying virus.
  • It is an infectious disease of birds
• BIRD FLU CA

  • Influenza virus H5N1
• BIRD FLU Symptoms

  • Fever
  • Body weakness
  • Cough
• SARS

  • newly recognized form of typical pneumonia that had been described in patient in Asia, North America, Europe
  • Earliest cases was identified in Guangdong province, China, in November 2002.
• SARS CA

  • novel human Corona virus
• SARS Symptoms

  • Prodormal Phase - Body temperature of more than 38 C. infectivity is none or low
  • Respiratory Phase - Dry reproductive cough within 2 to 7 days. infectivity is highest.
• FILARIASIS

  • a public health concern in many endemic areas (45 out of 78 provinces)
  • Acquired through bites of female mosquito
• FILARIASIS Parasitic Infection

  • nematode parasites

  Vectors

  • Wuchereria - Aedes poecilus, anopheles minismus flavirostris
  • Brugia - Mansoni bonnaea, Mansoni uniformis
• FILARIASIS Stages

  • Asymptomatic - characterized by presence of microfilariae in the peripheral blood. No symptoms and signs.
• FILARIASIS Stages

  ACUTE

  • Lymphadenitis - Inflammation of lymph nodes
  • Lymphangitis - Inflammation of lymph vessels
• FILARIASIS Stages

  CHRONIC

  • Hydrocoele - Swelling of scrotum
  • Lymphedema - Swelling of upper and lower extremities
  • Elephantiasis - Enlargement or thickening of the skin