AOS 1

• Features of baroque music:

  • Ornaments
  • Terraced dynamics
  • Basso continuo
  • Modulates to related keys
  • Sequence
  • Motifs
  • Uses imitation, texture is homophonic or polyphonic
  • Instrumentation:
  • Harpsichord
  • Strings
  • Recorders, flutes, oboes
  • Basic brass
• Features of classical music:

  • Alberti bass
  • Mainly homophonic
  • Wider range of dynamics
  • More instruments, piano
  • Balanced phrases
  • Mostly diatonic
• Features of romantic music:

  • Lyrical melodies
  • More expressive
  • More dynamic variation
  • More rhythmic freedom - rubato
  • Extended harmony
  • Chromaticism
  • Unexpected key changes
  • Doubled melodies
  • Longer melodies and phrasing
  • More use of brass
  • Use of harp, snare drum and cymbals
• Badinerie:

  • Composed by Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750)
  • Composed between 1738 and 1739
• Badinerie:

  Structure:

  • Binary form
  • Section B is longer than section A
  • Each section is repeated
  • Section A:
  • Bars 1 - 16
  • Anacrusis
  • Introduces motifs X and Y
  • Section B:
  • Bars 16 - 40
  • Not very contrasting- based on the same material as section A
  • Ideas are developed and transposed
• Badinerie:

  Tempo:

  • Allegro

  Dynamics:

  • Mostly forte
  • Few markings on the score, typical of the era

  Rhythm:

  • 2/4 - simple duple
  • Simple ostinato rhythms used throughout, seen in motifs X and Y
  • Mainly quavers and semiquavers
• Badinerie:

  Texture:

  • Homophonic
  • Melody is played by flute, though also heard in cello and violin 1
  • Violin 2 and viola generally provide the supporting harmony
  • Section A:
  • Bars 6 - 8 : short countermelody in flute, then violin 1
  • Bars 12 - 16 : clever positioning of motifs and ideas to make the texture more complex and interesting
  • Section B:
  • Bars 16 - 22 : Little bit of imitation between flute and cello
  • Bars 32 - 40 : textural interplay between flute solo and strings
• Badinerie:

  Tonality:

  • Both sections are minor overall
  • Section A:
  • B minor
  • A major bars 7 - 8
  • F# minor
  • Section B:
  • F# minor
  • Many key changes e.g.
  • E minor bar 20
  • D major bar 24
  • G major bar 25
  • B minor

  Harmony:

  • Diatonic throughout
  • Chords frequently occur in inversion
  • Neapolitan sixth chord in section B bar 35
  • Suspensions
  • Pedal point bars 33, 34, 35 with the E in the cello
• Perfect cadence

  V - I
• Plagal cadence

  IV - I
• Imperfect cadence

  I - V
• Interrupted cadence

  V - VI