cell biology

• all living things are made up of cells
• cells are either prokaryotic or eukaryotic
• eukaryotic cells are complex like plant and animal cells
• prokaryotic cells are smaller and simpler like bacteria
• a prokaryote is a prokaryotic cells (single-celled organism)
• different parts of a cell are called subcellular structures
• an animal cell contains: nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, ribosomes, mitochondria
• the nucleus conains genetic material and controls the activities of the cell
• cytoplasm is a gel-like substance where most chemical reactions happen. it contains enzymes that control those reactions
• the cell membrane holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out
• mitochondria is where most reactions for aerobic respiration take place. respiration transfers energy needed for the cell to work
• ribosomes are where proteins are made
• plant cells contain: nucles, cell membrane, cell wall, ribosomes, mitochondria, cytoplasm, vacuole, cholorplasts
• a rigid cell wall is made of cellulose and supports/strengthens the cell
• a vacuole contains cell sap a weak solution of sugar and salts
• chloroplasts are where photosynthesis occurs which makes food for the plant. it contains a green substance, chlorophyll, which absorbs light
• bacteria cells are small and prokaryotic
• bacteria cells contain: cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, plasmids, singular strand of DNA
• plasmids are small rings of DNA. there is usually one or more in a bacteria cell
• bacteria cells dont have a nucleus, chloroplasts, or mitochondria
• DNA in a bacteria cell is a singular strand that floats freely in the cytoplasm