UNDS

• Western Self

  Autonomous and egocentric
• Autonomous individuals


  • Encouraged to develop a strong sense of independence and self-reliance
  • Expected to make decisions and take actions based on their own beliefs, values, and preferences, rather than relying heavily on external influences
• Egocentric


  Individuals prioritize their own needs, desires, and perspectives over those of others
• Western view of self is inward, they describe and observe themselves from within, based on subjective experiences and conscious awareness
• Non-Western Eastern Self


  Identity shared with others and derived from a culture instead of a 'self'
• Non-Western selves


  • Point exclusively to elements shared with others and not to individual features
  • Interdependent - Individuals see themselves as part of a larger social group, sense of self is closely tied to these relationships
  • Role-Based Identity - One's identity may be tied to their role as a parent, child, sibling, or member of a particular social group, these roles shape their sense of self and influence their behavior and interactions with others
  • Holistic View of Self - The self is not viewed as separate from its surroundings but rather as part of a larger cosmic whole
• Filial Piety


  A foundation concept in Confucianism, teaches how one should properly act according to their relationship with other people, focused on having a harmonious social life
• Self-Cultivation


  Intentional and systematic effort individuals make to develop their moral character, cultivate virtues, and strive for personal growth and improvement
• Confucian learning process


  • Involves being committed to studying, improving oneself by observing rituals and living ethically, and being guided by one's teacher
  • Emphasizes both the independence and inter-dependence of the self
• Volunteering in NSTP or CWTS

  • Selflessly offering your time, talent, and treasure to society, aligning oneself with the natural flow of existence, embracing spontaneity, simplicity, and non-action
• Confucianism highlights the importance of relationships, ethical behavior, moral development, and in shaping your identity
• Confucian self is viewed as relational, ethical, and capable of growth and transformation through self-cultivation and the practice of virtuous behavior
• Confucius: 'Do not do unto others what you would not want others do unto you.'
• Taoism


  Self does not exist without the existence of the other, self as a separate identity is supported by the equal and opposite sensation of otherness, ourselves is the extension of the universe
• Taoist beliefs


  • Balancing forces, or yin and yang, which represent matching pairs that work together toward a universal whole
  • Individuals should achieve self-actualization by living naturally and in spontaneity
• Avatar the Last Airbender


  • When Admiral Zhao killed the Moon Spirit, water bending became impossible and the moon turned red, Aang sacrificed himself to protect the balance and preserve the natural order of the world
• Wu Wei

  Non-doing or doing nothing, being at peace while engaged in the most frenetic tasks so that one can carry these out with maximum skill and efficiency
• Wu Wei does not imply literal inaction or laziness, but rather refers to acting in a way that is in harmony with the natural order, without imposing one's will or striving for personal gain</b>
• Dealing with a toxic relative


  • Instead of reacting impulsively or trying to force your point of view, you practice Wu Wei by letting go of ego-driven plans and responding to the true demands of the situation
• Listening actively, remaining calm, and responding thoughtfully by resolving the conflict and allowing the conversation to flow naturally creates space for understanding and resolution to emerge
• Hinduism is a fusion of various Indian cultures and traditions
• Karma


  The bad or good action that an individual performed in a previous life determines their caste
• Atman


  The spiritual essence of all individual human beings, eternal, immutable, and indestructible, existing beyond the cycle of birth and death
• Realizing the true nature of Atman


  The central goal in Hindu spirituality, believed to lead to liberation from the cycle of reincarnation and reaching nirvana
• Nirvana


  The highest state that someone can attain, a state of enlightenment where a person's individual desires and suffering go away
• Brahman


  The spiritual essence of the universe, the unifying force that sustains and connects all
• Atman


  Your individual soul, Brahman is the universal energy that connects all souls
• Buddhism (Biddhartha Gautama)


  The self is the source of all suffering, the quest is to forget about the self, forget the cravings of the self, break the attachments we have with the world, and renounce the self to attain the state of Nirvana
• Individualist cultures


  • People are not interdependent on their group
  • Self is defined in terms of individual traits and attributes
• Collectivist cultures


  • Self is defined in terms of primary in-groups or nationality
  • Duty towards all others is a very important value
• In individualist cultures, traits like uniqueness, autonomy, independence, and self-sufficiency are highly valued</b>
• In collectivist cultures, social norms focus on promoting selflessness, putting community needs ahead of individual needs, working as a group, and supporting others
• Independent choice


  Does not depend on others, you prefer to do something because that something will benefit you or you believe it is the right thing to do
• Interdependent choice


  Depends on your expectation of others' behavior, you prefer to act on something because you expect others to act or you expect others to think you should act
• Kapwa


  The unity of the self and others, Filipinos are socially expected to regard others with dignity and respect
• Pakikipagkapwa


  Relating to others as a fellow human being
• In Filipino culture, treating others with disrespect is considered "walang kapwa tao"
• Pakikiramdam


  An active process of being aware of and being sensitive to others' thoughts, feelings, and actions
• Egg types

  • Hard-boiled (clearly individuated or separate from others)
  • Scrambled (lose all identity, don't know which is which)
  • Sunny-side up (dependent on primary group, find security in the group)
• The Filipino kinship structure determines one's status and designates one's role as a member of the group