(ALL) READING AND WRITING SKILLS (1ST PART)

• reading


  The process in which the information from the text and the knowledge possessed by the reader get together to produce meaning
• Critical reading


  an academic skill, it is a careful , thorough, thoughtful and active reading strategies. it is NOT plain reading
• Critical Thinking


  important in comprehending text and even responding to them
• Form reasoning


  One major purpose of critical reading is?
• Reasoning


  this means that critical reading can be used to formulate arguments or reasons in response to what the reader read. it is logical thinking.
• Critical reading as a form of reasoning


  Means carefully understanding and evaluating details to formulate judgement or even conclusion
• Distinguishing fact from opinion


  a critical skills that involves discerning the objective information supported by evidence from subjective statements based on personal beliefs or feelings. it requires the language used, identifying verifiable data or logical reasoning behind a claim.
• Identifying the author's purpose


  a critical reading skills that involves understanding the underlying intention or objective of a written text. it requires analyzing the tone, language and structure of the writing to determine whether the author aims to inform, persuade, entertain, or express an opinion.
• making inferences


  involves drawing logical conclusions or prediction based on the information provided in a text, even when it is not explicitly stated.
• recognizing the author's tone


  it involves understanding the attitude or emotional stance of the author towards the subject matter or audience.
• recognizing persuasive technique


  it involves identifying and understand the strategies employed by an author to influence or sway the readers opinion or behavior.
• evaluative statement


  a statement that states one sound judgement about something through writing which is supported by reasons and evidences.
• Assertion


  a statement used to make a declaration or to express strong belief on a particular topic. can be formulated after reading a text or even after watching a play.
• statement of fact


  a statement that can be proven objectively by direct experience, testimonies of witnesses, verified observation, or the result of research.
• statement of convention


  a way in which something is done similar to tradition and norms.
• statement of opinion


  a statement based on facts but is difficult to objectively verify because of the uncertainty of producing satisfactory proofs of soundness
• statement of preference


  uses only "I", states a personal choice in which the writer is under no obligation to support or prove the truthfulness of the statement. cannot be objectively proven or logically attacked
• ways to formulate assertion
• counterclaim


  made to rebut a previous claim
• rebut


  means to contradict someone's statement through a formal argument. they provide a contrasting perspective to the main arguments.
• claim


  a statement that asserts fact based on ones understanding about a particular topic or issue.
• Counterclaim


  the opposite of claim

  a Statement that contradicts ones claim and is usually proven and supported by both reasons and evidence.
• reason


  a part of an argument where a statement offers an explanation behind the party's claim
• evidence


  the statement that proves the truth of a claim and generally leads to the conclusion of an argument.
• hypertext


  nelson (1987) a series of chunks connected by links that offers the readers different pathways.
• hypertext fiction


  this is the new genre of the literature that use the computer screen as medium, rather than the printer page.
• simple non linear text


  the text compromise bodies of information presented in more creative way. they include pictures, graphs, diagrams, tables etc.
• non linear interactive linking


  There are 3 characteristic of hypertext. name them
• non linear


  hypertext is _____4 in nature means that it does not follow a predefined linear sequence or order. users can choose their own path moving between different sections, pages or nodes.
• interactive


  users can actively interact with the hypertext system by selectingz clicking or tapping on links or anchors.
• linking


  is a fundamental characteristics of hypertext.

  it refers to the ability to connect different pieces of information through hyperlinks or hypertext links.
• intertextuality

  interconnectedness and references between different text, such as literary worksz films, songs etc. these reference can be explicit or implicit.
• Allusion


  it is a type of intertextuality which means it is a figure of speech that makes a reference to a person, place or literary works.
• Parody

  a form of artistic expression that limits or mocks another work usually harmonious, songs etc.
• pastiche


  literary or artistic work that imitates or pays homage to the style , theme or techniques of another enlist or period. aims to recreate or mimic the qualities of the source.

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• adaption


  seen as a form of intertextuality as it involves the transformation of a source text into a new medium or context
• calque


  they are not exactly the same thing. it refers to the burrowing or translation of a word or phrase.