Where a liquid is heated to create a vapour which is cooled by a condenser, causing the gas to condense and drip into a separate flask. Species separate due to boiling points and relative volatilities
What equipment is used for distillation?
Quickfit apparatus - pear-shaped or round bottomed flask with a liebig condenser, still head, stopper, receiver, adaptor, fitted with a thermometer and collection vessel
What does a diagram of a Quickfitapparatus set up for distillation look like? Glassbeads in flask
What is an oxidising agent?
Oxidising agents oxidise other chemicals by receiving electrons from them, and are in turn reduced
Why are anti-bumping granules used in distillation?
To allow smooth boiling - stopping bubbles caused by vapour to cause upwards splashing in the flask
How do you isolate a liquid product?
Use a separating funnel to isolate the organic layer from the aqueous layer. Shake the flask and allow the layers to separate. Then open the tap and run off one layer into a separate container.
Method for preparation of ethanal?
Acidify potassium manganate solution by dissolving it in dilute sulfuric acid
Pour the mixture into a pear-shaped flask, with a still head containing a thermometer
Attach to a liebig condenser with an ice cold collecting vessel
Add a few anti-bumping granules
Heat the flask gently
Collect sample at boiling point of the desired product
Cool collection vessel reduces evaporation of the product
