PHILPOP

• social class


  defined as a group of people within a society who possess the same socioeconomic status
• lower class


  is a large group of people who live along or below the poverty line
• middle class


  collectively called the working class
• upper class


  a somewhat small group of people who live beyond the poverty line
• babaylan


  the highest religious position covered by Filipino women and homosexual men.
• datu


  the highest position that leads the barangay, where they were elected among the next caste.
• maharlika

  was composed of the feudal lords who agreed to band with each other as an unbreakable alliance.
• maginoo


  were the group of people that served under the maharlika as their vassals.
• timawa


  were simply the people who lived freely and in the service of the land. These include ordinary folk, scholars, and merchants.
• alipin


  is the lowest major caste in the pre-colonial Filipino caste system.
• aliping namamahay


  serve as workers of the land, similar to peasants in Western feudal classes.
• aliping saguiguilid


  were the lowest of the low because they represent actual slaves.
• Indios


  they paid the minimum amount of tax.
• Sangleys


  pay quadruple the base tax due to them being Chinese.
• blancos


  which are the top three (3) classifications, were exempted from paying taxes.
• Mestizajes


  pay taxes, however, despite having mixed heritage.
• insulares


  were the first natural-born Filipinos with pure Spanish blood.
• Americanos


  simply Spaniards born from the American colonies such as Mexico, Puerto Rico, and Cuba, to name some.
• Peninsulares


  were Spaniards that came from the Iberian Peninsula, where Spain and Portugal are located. They were exempted from paying taxes and held the most power and influence.
• mestizo de Español


  was the highest of the four (4) because it is the intermarriage of a Filipino and a Spaniard. Any Filipino known to be a mestizo de Español paid no taxes since they had Spanish blood in them.
• Tornatras


  was the term used here in the Philippines to classify either a mestizo de Español with Chinese blood, a mestizo de Sangley with Spanish blood, or someone with Spanish and Chinese blood. They were usually considered as the odd ones because their mixed heritages meant that their taxations were also confusing.
• mestizo de Bombay


  were people with Filipino and Bombay (i.e., Indian) heritages. This is because there was a brief period during the Spanish Occupation that Great Britain conquered Manila for two (2) years, with Indians joining their ranks. Because of this, the mestizo de Bombay paid no taxes since Indians were not part of the casta.
• mestizo de Sangley


  were people with Filipino and Chinese heritages. The lowest among the four (4), they paid fewer taxes from a Chinese standpoint but paid more than indios.
• Ernesto “Che” Guevara


  popular icon representing the countercultural movement and rebellion, which earned him dichotomous infamy.
• cronyism


  the partial treatment of a leader to his associates by giving them high positions in a system
• nepotism


  the partial treatment of a leader to his family and friends by giving them high positions in a system
• sexual orientation, gender identity, and expression

  SOGIE
• Sex


  refers to the biological trait that determines one’s reproductive function based on the gametes present.
• Gender


  spectrum of characteristics of women, men, boys, and girls that are socially constructed, of which it includes norms, behaviors, and roles associated with being one’s self and their relationship with others
• Sexual orientation


  is the term used to describe one’s inclination to another person in terms of romance (i.e., to love and be loved), emotions, and/or sexual urges. It can be generally defined into two (2) categories, which can overlap with each other.
• Androphilia


  is the term used to describe one’s attraction to men and/or masculinity.
• Gynephilia


  term used to describe one’s attraction to women and/or femininity.
• gay


  Men who are attracted to other men
• heterosexual


  while women who are attracted to men
• Gynephilia


  term used to describe one’s attraction to women and/or femininity.
• lesbian


  women who are attracted to other women
• bisexuals


  People who are experiencing both androphilia and gynephilia
• pansexual


  attracted to all people regardless of sexual orientation
• asexual


  people with no sexual attraction to other sexual orientations or genders.
• Gender identity


  the term used to describe one’s self-evaluation regarding their gender.