biology

• CELL MEMBRANE


  Provides a barrier to molecules entering and exiting
• RIBOSOMES

  Place of protein synthesis
• PLANT CELL


  Eukaryote cells
• CELL WALL


  Gives structure and support to the plant
• BACTERIAL CELL


  • Cell membrane
  • Cell wall
• PROKARYOTE


  DNA not in nucleus, single cell organism
• EUKARYOTE


  Multi-cellular, DNA in nucleus
• Eukaryote cells have membrane-bound organelles
• Prokaryote cells have no membrane-bound organelles
• Light microscope: lower resolution, small, cheap
• Electron microscope: higher resolution, large, expensive
• Resolution


  Ability to distinguish two points as separate
• Magnification


  Increase in size of the image compared to the actual size
• Actual size = Image size / Magnification
• Enzymes are biological catalysts (proteins) that help speed up a reaction
• Active site


  Part of enzyme where reaction occurs
• Substrate molecules


  Molecules that enter the active site to be transformed
• When the active site changes its shape, the enzyme can no longer function
• Enzymes


  Catalysts that speed up chemical reactions without being consumed or permanently altered
• Enzymes


  • Specific and complementary to their substrates
  • Have an active site that the substrate binds to
• Enzyme concentration is low


  Reaction rate is low
• Enzyme concentration is high


  Reaction rate is high
• Substrate concentration is low


  Reaction rate is low
• Substrate concentration is high


  Reaction rate is high
• Temperature is low


  Reaction rate is low
• Temperature is high


  Reaction rate is high
• Temperature is too high


  Enzymes denature and reaction rate decreases
• pH is low (acidic)


  Reaction rate is low
• pH is high (basic)


  Reaction rate is low
• pH is optimal


  Reaction rate is high
• Anaerobic respiration produces lactic acid and carbon dioxide
• Aerobic respiration produces carbon dioxide and water
• Aerobic respiration is the main way organisms obtain energy
• Anaerobic respiration can be used when oxygen is in short supply
• Photosynthesis uses light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen
• Photosynthesis


  • Light intensity
  • Carbon dioxide concentration
  • Temperature
• Limiting factors in photosynthesis are light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, and temperature
• Take your food sample and add an equal volume of Biuret solution. 

  If protein is present it will change from blue to purple.