English Quiz 1: Review (REVIEWER)

• abstract noun a common noun that refers to a quality, state of being, idea, or action, such as love, rather than to a thing that can be literally seen, smelled, tasted, felt, or touched
• Aryan the ancient language from which the Indo-European language came
• concrete noun a noun that names something perceivable by the senses, such as house
• collective noun a noun that names a group of more than one person, place, or thing, such as team
• diphthongal glide one vowel that becomes two sounds when pronounced, as in long a (pronounced ae)
• linguistic having to do with the history and structure of language
• morphology the study of word forms and how they are affected by their origins
• syntax the way in which words are put together to form sentences, phrases, or clauses
• Aryan language


  Oldest ancestor of the English language
• Indo-European language family


  • Descendants of the two branches of the Aryan language, one in India and the other in Europe
• Germanic branch of the Indo-European family


  • Developed into Low German, Old English, Middle English, and Modern English
• About half of the world's population speaks a language that comes from the Indo-European language family
• Languages in the Latin branch of the Indo-European family

  • French
  • Spanish
  • Portuguese
  • Italian
  • Romanian
• Languages in the Germanic branch of the Indo-European family

  • Dutch
  • Flemish
  • German
  • English
  • Norwegian
  • Swedish
  • Danish
  • Icelandic
• Celtic languages that contributed to English

  • Gaelic
  • Scots-Gaelic
  • Welsh
  • Breton
• Every Indo-European language has clearly defined parts of speech
• Romans invaded England and made Latin the official language


  44 BC
• Latin depended more on word endings for its meaning than on word order
• Danes invaded England, replacing some Anglo-Saxon words with their own

  AD 870
• Normans conquered England, making French the official language


  1066
• After the Norman invasion, both English and French were spoken in England
• Between the Norman invasion and Chaucer's time, nearly all literature was written in French
• Chaucer helped convince England that English was a suitable language for literature
• Chaucer's writing helped lead the change from Middle English to Modern English by using a more regular pattern of subject-verb-object
• The Great Vowel Shift occurred between Chaucer's time and Shakespeare's time (1564-1616)
• After the vowel shift, Middle English words having "pure," steady sounds acquired a diphthongal glide
• The vowel shift is partly responsible for the fact that many English words are not spelled phonetically
• Fundamental characteristics common to all spoken languages

  • A pattern of sounds that only humans can create and interpret
  • A collection of words that represent objects, actions, and ideas
  • A system of word arrangement used to organize the thoughts of a particular language
  • Elements of grammar, including syntax and morphology, that establish a standard for the operations of the language
• Anglo-Saxon words are usually common, basic words. True or False


  True
• All Indo-European languages have clearly defined parts of speech. True or False

  True
• One-fourth of our English words have a Germanic origin. True or False


  True
• Latin is a Germanic language. True or False


  False
• Half of our English words derive from Latin. True or False


  True
• Aryan came before Indo-European. True or False


  True
• About half the world's population speaks a language that is part of the Indo-European family. True or False


  True
• Choose the word(s) which should always be capitalized.

  greek or gods
• Choose the word(s) which should always be capitalized.

  greek or gods

  Greek
• What type of word is Committee?

  collective noun or compound noun


  collective noun
• What type of word is Sympathy?

  concrete noun or abstract noun

  abstract noun
• What type of word is Asphalt?

  abstract noun or concrete noun

  concrete noun