Case studies

• CB1 Urban regeneration projectNEGATIVES

  • Noise pollution
  • Air pollution
  • Transport disruption
  • Congestion
  • Diversions
• Regeneration


  Long-term upgrading or revitalising of an area that will have social, economic and/or environmental change
• Brownfield


  Land that has been used before
• Greenfield


  Land that has not been built on before
• Sustainable


  Meeting the needs of now and the future
• Derelict


  Land that has been used and is now abandoned/ unused
• CB1


  • The area around Cambridge Station
• A lot of derelict buildings e.g. the flour mill were regenerated due to it being a crime hotspot (Broken window theory)
• CB1 Is 8 mins cycle from Grand Arcade, Grafton Centre, Kings College and 10 minute walk from the train station
• Major company investments in new offices (Apple, Amazon, 2012 - Microsoft 21 Station Road) – increasing quaternary sector (CB1)
• Sustainable/ eco-friendly buildings with green spaces, public art and the cleaning of listed buildings (David Ward created backdrop for the Mill)
• 2011 – Anglia Ruskin Uni students were offered student accommodation in the new residential area
• 2015, A 68.400 Sq/ft office building was fully let within weeks
• After the regeneration

  • Increased traffic to area
  • Anti-Social behaviour
  • Crime
  • Noise pollution
  • Air pollution
  • Constant use of area
• Key Facts

  • 1,100 student rooms
  • Business centre for start ups
  • 325 homes
  • Over £5 million spent on infrastructure
  • 400 hotel rooms
  • Green buffer zones between traffic and workplaces
  • 3000 bicycle spaces in cycle park (largest in UK)
• New defences have spoilt the natural coastal landscape
• The sea wall will stop the sediment entering the sea from erosion


  Places further along the coast will need more beach nourishment
• Stakeholder


  A group of people who are interested/ effected by a project e.g. Property owner, fishermen, environmentalists, tourists
• Hard engineering


  Artificial structures that reduce the impacts of coastal erosion
• Hold the line


  Intervening against coastal erosion with hard or soft engineering to prevent any further shoreline retreat
• Soft engineering

  Where the natural environment is used to help reduce coastal erosion
• The Geology is made up of sedimentary rock (chalk) and glacial deposits on top which is weak and prone to mass movement
• Coastal defences

  • Rock armour
  • Rock groynes
  • Wooden groynes
  • Sea wall
• Drainage pipe in the cliff prevents saturation of soil which flows onto the promenade
• Stage 1 – repair and renovate 900m of sea wall and place rock armour


  Completed in 1995 and cost £3.4m
• Stage 2 – All 5 old timber groynes replaced with new timber and an extra groyne built. 5 remaining timber and steed groynes removed and replaced with 4 rock armour groynes


  Cost £1.85m completed in 1999
• They have stood up well against stormy winters
• It is now possible to walk along the whole beach
• Stabilising cliffs has prevented landslips
• Key Facts

  • It is the windiest coastline in Europe = damage from storms
  • Towns and villages linked to Sheringham by main roads which provides 10,000 jobs (increasing economy)
  • 1st sea wall from 1900 resurfaced in 1988 and replaced in 1993
• Longshore drift


  The process of transportation where sediment is moved along a beach
• Risk to species like Pygmy Elephants and Orangutans
• Temperatures rising as trees are not helping to evaporate water


  Less clouds= less reflection of sun rays
• Decline of Indigenous Tribes
• Soil Erosion – hummus layer leached
• Conflict – Government and indigenous tribe
• Pollution - water sources and emissions from cars
• Malaysia is a LIC country is south-east Asia (67% is TRF)
• Causes of deforestation

  • Logging
  • Agriculture
  • Mineral Extraction
  • Tourism
  • Energy Development
• Logging


  Most reported cause of destruction to biodiversity; Used to create furniture; Violent confrontation between indigenous tribes and logging companies