Enzymes

• Enzymes are biological catalysts made of proteins. They speed up respiration, photosynthesis and the break down of food. There is only a small amount of enzymes needed because they never get used up. At high temperatures, enzymes denature and change shape meaning that they won't work anymore.
• Enzymes are specific. They are the exact shape and size to allow the substrate to fit. This is called the lock and key hypothesis. The enzymes move around randomly and eventually collide with the substrate. They hold in place so the reaction occurs and then the substrate will break down to form products
• Carbohydrase:

  • Made in- small intestine, mouth, pancreas
  • Works in- mouth, small intestine
  • Substrate- carbohydrate (starch)
  • Product- glucose/sugar
• Protease:

  • Made in- pancreas, small intestine
  • Works in- small intestine
  • Substrate- protein
  • Product- amino acids
• Lipase:

  • Made in- stomach, small intestine, pancreas
  • Works in- stomach, small intestine
  • Substrate- lipids/fats
  • Product- glycerol/fatty acids