L10

• value chain


  refers to the activities within and around the organization that relates to its competitive position. It is the story of a product, from creation to consumption.
• analysis


  means breaking down a complex topic into smaller, comprehensible parts.
• value chain analysis


  entails the examination of each sub-system or organization represented by each box.
• Tourism Suppliers


  also called tourism principals, include hotels, restaurants, museums, shops, and transport companies.
• Tour Operators

  • Sell wholesale or in bulk
  • Buy and hold title to rooms, tickets, or transportation seats
• Travel Agencies


  Usually sell retail
• Travel agents only represent either the principal or a tour operator and do not buy rooms, tickets or seats.
• The consumers or end-users refer to the tourists.
• The story of the tourism product could go this way:

  • The tour operator puts together a package that includes

  hotel accommodation, transportation, and city tour.

  • Sells it directly to a group of tourists or through a travel

  agency.

  • The tourists get the experience it through the services

  provided by the driver, the hotel staff and the tour

  guide.
• Backward linkages


  refer to the supply chain in tourism
• Edgell et al., 2008


  According to them, tourism is not just a single industry but a mix of

  interrelated sectors that range from hotels and airlines down the line to food production and other allied services.
• Airlines


  Use of aircraft to ferry passengers from origin to destination; can be through scheduled and/or chartered domestic or international flights
• Tour Bus or Motor Coach


  Use of local bus to move passengers and explore cities/countries; the most common mode of transportation for tour groups due to wide availability and economic reasons
• Car Rentals


  Use of chartered cars or SUV to move passengers to and around tourist destinations; flexible, widely available, and ideal for smaller groups of tourists
• Metered Taxi Cabs


  Use of metered taxis to move passengers from a single point of origin to a single point of destination
• Transportation Network Vehicle Service 


  what does "TNVS" stands for?
• TNVS


  Use of private cars booked through online/mobile device applications such as Grab and Uber
• Train


  Use of railways to move passengers from point of origin to destination; is fast but access is limited by the network of railways
• The modes of transportation and related infrastructure affect a country or city’s ability to attract tourists, as access is one of the factors that influence travel decisions.
• The availability of accommodations that match tourists’ preferences is one of the factors that contributes to the decision to visit a destination.
• Accreditation


  According to the DOT, it is a certification issued by an authority to recognize tourism workers and establishments that meet minimum requirements for guest safety and convenience.
• Hotel


  Provides lodging and incidental services to guests for a fee; classified from one-to five-star
• Resort


  Provides lodging, food, recreational facilities, and a relaxing environment to the public for a fee
• Tourist Inn


  Provides lodging to transients for a fee, and does not meet the minimum requirements for an economy hotel
• Apartelle


  Provides furnished or semi-furnished independent apartment units and basic services akin to hotels for long-term staying guests for a fee
• Motel 


  Provides lodging, and sometimes meals, for a fee, usually located along the highway with parking spaces for vehicles
• Pension House


  Provides board and lodging for a fee in several independent guestrooms with commonly shared facilities
• Transient House


  Houses for rent to tourists for a short period of time
• Homestay


  Private households who have undergone training to welcome tourists to stay with their family for cultural exchange and additional income
• Tourism organizations are industry associations and government agencies that help tourism businesses and workers maintain certain standards by upholding policies and conventions.
• UNWTO


  a multilateral agency with over 150 member countries advancing "responsible, sustainable, and universally accessible tourism." It engenders industry data, policies, and instruments to propel tourism as a catalyst for development
• IATA


  a trade association that helps craft aviation policies concerning critical industry issues such as airport slots, fuel, environmental policies, taxation, liberalization, infrastructure, unruly passengers, and the like.
• WFTGA


  a professional organization that seeks to uplift the training standards, ethics, quality, and reputation of the tour guiding profession and \encourages exchange among the various tourist guide associations in the world.
• Multi Lingual Accredited Tour Guides Association of the Philippines


  what does "MULATGAP" stands for?
• DOT


  the national tourism organization of the Philippines. It is a government

  agency mandated to promote tourism as a tool for development.
• Tourism Infrastructure and Enterprise Zone Authority


  what does "TIEZA" stands for?
• Theodore Roosevelt


  "I am a strong individualist by personal habit, inheritance, and conviction; but it is a mere matter of common sense to recognize that the State, the community, the citizens acting together, can do a number of things better than if they were left to individual action."