P.E Meanings

• Physical health benefit

  • Improves heart functions
• Emotional health benefit

  • Reduces the risk of suffering from stress
• Social health benefit

  • Improves social skills
• Fitness

  • The ability to manage demands of the environment
• Benefits of fitness

  • Able to cope with day to day jobs, life skills
• Lifestyle choices include recreational drugs such as alcohol, cigarettes
• Sedentary lifestyle has little to no movement
• Physical ill health

  Can lead to heart problems, disease
• Mental ill health

  Can lead to depression
• Social ill health

  Can lead to someone feeling unsociable
• Consequences of physical ill health

  • Heart diseases, hypertension, diabetes, insomnia
• Obesity

  Weighing more than you should, having more fat than is healthy
• Overweight

  Having more weight than normal/healthy
• Obesity and overweight can limit flexibility, confidence, agility
• Key nutrients in a balanced diet

  • Carbohydrates, protein, fat, fibre, minerals, water, vitamins
• The human body is made up of mostly water (70%)
• Factors affecting hydration

  • Environment, exercise, temperature
• Dehydration

  Having less water than normal
• Dehydration can cause thickening of blood, fatigue, longer reaction time, increased heart rate
• Optimum weight

  Having a weight that is healthy for a particular person
• Factors affecting optimum weight

  • Sex, body girth, height, bone structure
• Negative energy balance


  If less energy is gained through food than it is lost through activity, it causes weight loss as the body uses up its fat stores
• Positive energy balance


  If energy gained through food is more than lost through activity, it causes weight gain as the body stores excess fat
• Carbohydrate loading is used by endurance athletes a few days before an event
• Power athletes should take protein after training and in the evenings to repair muscles during sleep, timing is important
• Ability

  Traits inherited from parents
• Skills

  Actions that can be learned to lead to a goal
• Decision making


  Figuring a decision to decide what to do after identifying a situation
• Input


  Information gained from the body's senses
• Output


  The action performed and the result
• Feedback

  Performer uses information received either from extrinsic or intrinsic sources
• Extrinsic feedback

  Comes from coach, teacher or even a teammate, important for beginners
• Intrinsic feedback

  Comes from within, feeling the muscles (kinesthesis)
• Terminal feedback

  Given to performer after performance
• Concurrent feedback

  Given to performer during performance
• Basic skills

  Not many decisions need to be made, e.g. walking, jumping, for beginners
• Complex skills

  Decision making needed, e.g. free kick in football, for experienced performers
• Closed skills

  Not affected by environment, e.g. some skills in gymnastics
• Open skills

  Affected by the environment, e.g. passing in football
• Low organisation

  Can be broken up into parts to be practiced on their own, e.g. front crawl