sociology

• culture - the ways of thinking, acting, and the material objects that together form a people's way of life
• nonmaterial culture - the ideas created by members of a society
• material culture - the physical things created by members of a society
• culture shock - personal disorientation when experiencing an unfamiliar way of life
• culture - shared way of life
• nation - a political entity, a territory with designated borders
• society - the organized interaction of people who typically live in a nation or some other specific territory
• the reason for the decline in the number of spoken languages?

  globalization
• beliefs and values define a society
• symbol - anything that carries a particular meaning recognized by people who share a culture
• language - a system of symbols that allows people to communicate with one another
• cultural transmission - the process by which one generation passes culture to the next
• sapir-whorf thesis - the idea that people see and understand the world through the cultural lens of language
• values - culturally defined standards that people use to decide what is desirable, good, and beautiful and that serve as board guidlines for social living
• beliefs - specific thought or ides that people hold to be true
• norms - rules and expectations by which a society guides the behaviour of its members
• mores - norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance
• folkways - norms for routine or casual interaction
• laws - systems of rules recognized and enforced by governing institutions
• social control - attempts by society to regulate people's thoughts and behaviour
• committing sociology - not terrorists but disconnected from society
• sociology wants to understand how these patterns or social forces come into existence, how they operate, and how they change over time
• macro structures - social structures / forces
• macro structure - patterns of social relations that are beyond our daily associations and lives
• micro structures - roles individuals play
• society is created through our use of symbols, traditions and rituals
• permanent does not mean natural, nor does it define normal
• laws are important to protect disadvantaged groups
• difference is used to prevent particular groups from having access. to resources
• discriminations is based on nothing other than traditional beliefs and attitudes
• sociology as a principle is deeply historical
• social changes emerging from the enlightenment - economic, industrial tech, urban growth, political change
• sociology emerged because the time was right
• sociology was from the outset a way to understand, evaluate and prescribe
• social statics: study of social structure, its elements and their relations
• social dynamics - study of social progress and change
• karl marx + marxism - best job of uncovering inconvenient facts
• conflict theory - tension between bourgeoises and pluariacts
• socials statistics - study of social structures, its elements and their relations
• social dynamics - study of social progress and change