Urban policies

• Urban Development Corporations


  organisations set up by central government to coordinate rapid improvements in derelict urban areas. Their aims were to improve the environment, to give cash grants to attract firms, to renovate buildings and to give advice to firms thinking of moving in.
• Why did London Docklands need development?

  Large ships could no longer enter the port due to containerisation
• Social impacts of London Docklands

  - Over 200,000 new homes were built 8000 of which were refurbished into luxury homes

  - £100 million spent of training, education and health
• Economic impacts of London Docklands

  - Light railway which carries over 320,000 passengers a week

  - Unemployment rate dropped from 14% to 9%
• Environmental impact of London Docklands

  - 17 conservation areas created

  - 200,000 trees planted

  - 150 hectares of open space
• What were the failure of London Docklands?


  - Many locals were unable to afford the high cost of new expensive houses

  - Reduction in community spirit
• City Challenge


  A strategy in which local authorities had to design a scheme and submit a bid for funding, competing against other councils. They also had to become part of a partnership involving the local community and private companies who would fund part of the development.
• Why did Hulme need development?

  - After WW2 much of Hulme's was destroyed

  - Low quality buildings and safety issues meant the houses were demolished
• Social impact of Hulme

  - 80% of goals met

  - 40% reduction in crime

  - Existing houses improved and 2000 new homes
• Economic impacts of Hulme's

  - Birley fields east partly developed into office blocks and 300 new businesses established

  - Infrastructure emphasised permeability
• Environmental impacts of Hulme's

  - Birley fields retained use of a park

  - Variation in styles of buildings made the area more visually appealing
• What were the failure of Hulme's

  - Many residents don't have high enough skills to access the new jobs - being forced else where

  - Worries amongst locals that high employment rates will lead to a repeat of what happened in the 60s
• New deals for communities

  39 most deprived neighbourhoods to improve lives
• Why did Devenport me regeneration

  - 75% crime higher than the rest of Plymouth

  - 1977 25% of Devenport was in poverty

  - unemployment rate was apogee 14%
• Social impacts of Devenport

  - 6 commercial units provided job opportunities

  - 500 new homes

  - 42 extra care apartments
• Economic impacts of Devenport

  - £3.7 million community contributed

  - improved transport links

  Increased education and employment have meant for increased income for the government
• Environmental impacts of Devenport

  - More green space

  - instalment of adventure playground, refurbishment, tennis courts and flower meadows make devenport a nicer and more prosperous place to live
• What were the failure of Devenport

  - House prices were very high so local residents were unable to afford the housing

  - Jobs have been lost