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AQA Biology
Digestive Enzymes
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Enzymes
Catalyze
chemical reactions, speed them up
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Enzymes
Large
protein
molecules
Have a groove on their surface called the
active site
The
active site
is where the
substrate
attaches
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Substrate
The
molecule
that the enzyme
breaks down
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Substrate fits into
active
site
Enzyme can
break
down
substrate
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Substrate does not fit into
active
site
Enzyme cannot
break
down
substrate
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Lock
and
key
theory
Enzymes are specific, the substrate must fit
perfectly
into the
active site
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Proteases
Enzymes that break down
proteins
Found in the
stomach
,
pancreatic fluid
, and
small
intestine
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Proteins
Long chains of chemicals called
amino acids
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Protein digestion
1.
Proteases
convert
proteins
back to individual amino acids
2.
Amino acids
are then absorbed into the
bloodstream
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Carbohydrases
Enzymes that break down
carbohydrates
Amylase
breaks down
starch
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Starch
A carbohydrate consisting of a chain of
glucose
molecules
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Amylase
Found in
saliva
and
pancreatic
fluid
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Lipase
Enzyme that breaks down
lipids
Found in
pancreatic
fluid and
small
intestine
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Lipids
Molecules consisting of glycerol attached to 3 fatty acids
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Lipid
digestion
Lipase
breaks down lipids into glycerol and
fatty acids
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Bile
Made in the
liver
, stored in the
gallbladder
Not an enzyme, but helps speed up lipid digestion by
lipase
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Bile
Converts large
lipid
droplets into smaller droplets, increasing surface area for
lipase
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Bile
Alkaline
,
neutralizes
stomach acids, creating alkaline conditions for
lipase
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