CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

• Basic structural and functional unit of living organisms

  CELL
• 1. Organelles
  2. Cell 
  3. Tissues 
  4. Organ 
  5. Organ System 
  6. Organism 


  CELL
• Make up living things and carry out activities that keep a living thing alive

  CELL
• Building blocks of an organism

  CELL
• Made up of organelles > biomolecules > organism

  CELL
• collection of ideas and conclusion from many different scientists over time that describes cells and how cells operate

  CELL THEORY
• 1. All known living things are made up of one or more cells.
  2. All living things arise from pre-existing cells by division.
  3. The cell is the basic unit of structure and function in all living organisms.
  4. DNA is passed between cells during cell division.
  5. Cells of all organisms within a similar species are mostly the same.
  6. Energy flow occurs within cells.

  MODERN CELL THEORY
• All known living things are made up of one or more cells.

   Schwann, Schleiden, and Virchow
• All living things arise from pre-existing cells by division.

  Schwann, Schleiden, and Virchow
• The cell is the basic unit of structure and function in all living organisms.

  Schwann, Schleiden, and Virchow
• DNA is passed between cells during cell division.

  Genetics
• Cells of all organisms within a similar species are mostly the same.

  Microbiology and Physiology
• Energy flow occurs within cells.

  Thermodynamics
• An organism that is made up of only one cell 

  UNICELLULAR ORGANISMS
• Single cell with multiple functions

  UNICELLULAR ORGANISMS
• Has enough nutrients to support them

  UNICELLULAR ORGANISMS
• An organism that is made up of more than one cell

  MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS
• Different cells with different functions to form an organism

  MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS
• unit used to measure size of a cell

  MICROMETER
• smallest cell measuring 0.1μm

  mycoplasma
• largest cell measuring 18cm

  ostrich egg
• smallest cell measuring 5μm

  sperm cell
• largest cell measuring 120μm

  ovum cell
• longest cell measuring 1m

  nerve cell
• Variation depends mainly upon the function of cells

  shape of cells
• circular biconcave; efficient for storing oxygen

  human RBC
• branched

  nerve cells
• can change their shape; to inspect the steep pathways if there’s foreign materials, toxins that are harmful for an organism

  human WBC
• detailed structure of a cell has been studied using these microscopes

  compound light microscope and electron microscope
• used for certain structures

  electron microscope
• structure of a cell as seen under an electron microscope 

  ultrastructure
• • Utilize natural/built-in light
  • 2000x magnification

  compound light microscope
• • Utilize electron particles in observing
  • Presents/Shows a cell in its most detailed version
  • 500,000x magnification

  electron microscope
• 1. Nucleus 
  2. Golgi Body
  3. Vesicle 
  4. Plasma Membrane 
  5. Mitochondria 
  6. Cytoskeleton 
  7. Centriole 
  8. Lysosome 
  9. Cytoplasm 
  10. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
  11. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum 
  12. Nucleolus


  animal cell
• 1. Nucleus 
  2. Golgi Body
  3. Vesicle 
  4. Plasma Membrane 
  5. Mitochondria 
  6. Chloroplast
  7. Cell Wall
  8. Lysosome 
  9. Vacuole
  10. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
  11. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum 
  12. Nucleolus


  plant cell
• All activities inside the cell and interactions of the cell with its environment are possible due to these structures and how they are organized

  structure of the cell
• Dense spherical body located near the center of the cell

  nucleus
• Well-developed in plant and animal cells

  nucleus
• Not present in bacteria and blue-green algae (cyanobacteria)

  nucleus
• Most of the cells are uninucleated (having only one nucleus)

  nucleus