9.6

• According to Pine and Barnes (2021), which of the following is not true about neurogenesis in adult mammals?

  1. new neurons are added to the hippocampuses of primates including humans
  2. In adult humans, neurogenesis has been observed in the striatum, hippocampus but not in the subventricular zone.
  3. An estimate of 800 neurons per day are added to the adult human hippocampus.

  3. An estimate of 800 neurons per day are added to the adult human hippocampus is false
• True or False: In most nonhuman adult mammals, substantial neurogenesis seems to be restricted to the subventricular zone and hypothalamus—although low levels have also been observed in the thalamus, cortexstriatum and spinal cord.

  False, subventricular zone and thalamus
• In adult humans, neurogenesis has been observed in the striatum and in the hippocampus but not in the subventricular zone.
• True or False: It turned out that adult rats living in enriched environments produce more new hippocampal neurons than do adult rats living in nonenriched environments.

  True
• True or False: Exposure to enriched environments in the absence of increases in exercise can also effectively increase adult hippocampal neurogenesis.

  True
• True or False: The hippocampus is involved in some kinds of memory, both enriching one’s environment and engaging in regular exercise may reduce or delay memory problems.

  True
• Adult-generated olfactory bulb and striatal neurons become interneurons.
• Adult-generated hippocampal neurons become neurons that grow axons that form synapses on cells in other parts of the hippocampus
• According to Pinel and Barnes (2021), which of the following is not a proposed roles of adult-generated neurons in the hippocampus?

  1. Memory Function (also forgetting)
  2. Pattern Separation
  3. Body Control
  4. Mood and Anxiety Regulation 


  3. Body Control is not a proposed role
• In a study by Freund and colleagues, which of the following is the most likely to be true about their results?

  1. They found that variation in individual behavior decreased over time.
  2. Those animals that were more active had greater amounts of hippocampal neurogenesis.
  3. Animals that explored over larger areas, and consequently were exposed to more cognitive challenges, showed the least amounts of newly born hippocampal neurons

  2. Those animals that were more active had greater amounts of hippocampal neurogenesis.
• Two lines of current research on adult neuroplasticity:

  Adult Neurogenesis and the effects of experience on the reorganization of adult cortex.
• True or False: Experience in adulthood can lead to reorganization of sensory and motor cortical maps.

  True
• True or False: When certain fingers are numbed, the part of the brain that senses touch on the opposite side becomes less active for those fingers.

  True
• True or False: Reductions in size of the ocular dominance columns occurred more quickly and were more enduring if the adult mice had not previously experienced visual deprivation in the same eye.

  False
• Which of the following is not true about ASD?

  1. Almost always apparent before the age of 3 and typically does not increase in severity after that age.
  2. Core symptoms: a reduced capacity for social interaction and restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities.
  3. Younger mothers are more likely to give birth to a child with ASD, but the probability of a older mother giving birth to a child with ASD increases if the father is over 40.

  3. is false
• True or False: According to Pinel and Barnes (2021), about 66% to 75% percent of those with ASD are male.

  True
• How is ASD as heterogenous disorder best describe?

  First, an affected individual with ASD might be severely impaired in some respects but typical, or even superior, in others.

  Second, there are substantial differences in the amount of impairment amongst individuals with ASD: some have many impairments, whereas others display few.
• Which is not an early warning of ASD?

  1. a decline in eye contact from 2 months onwards
  2. no smiles or happy expressions by 9 months,
  3. no communicative gestures such as pointing or waving by 12 months
  4. None of the above

  4 is the answer.
• Savants are persons with general intellectual disabilities who nevertheless display amazing and specific cognitive or artistic abilities.
• True or False: Savant abilities appear to develop through learning or practice.

  False