MODULE 6 Seeds and Friuts

• Polyploidy


  Possessing three or more sets of homologous chromosomes, resulting from genome duplication
• Polyploid plants


  • Increase genetic variation
• Polyploid plants

  • Pine pollen
  • Sunflower pollen
• Drupe


  A fleshy fruit with one seed surrounded by a bony endocarp, sweet and juicy
• Berry


  A fleshy fruit with several seeds and a fleshy pericarp
• Pome


  A fruit with many seeds and fleshy tissue surrounding the pericarp, sweet and juicy
• Pome fruits


  • Apples
  • Pears
• Pepo


  Includes cucumbers, cantaloupes, and squash
• Hesperidium


  Includes citrus fruits like lemons and oranges
• Layers of fruit pericarp

  • Exocarp
  • Mesocarp
  • Endocarp

  
• Exocarp


  The outermost layer, making up the exterior surface of the fruit

  
• Mesocarp


  The tissue located between the exocarp and endocarp
• Endocarp


  The innermost layer, located just outside the seed coat
• Strawberry "seeds"

  The plant's ovaries, each a separate fruit with a seed inside

  
• Types of dry fruits


  • Follicles
  • Legumes
  • Capsules
  • Achenes
  • Nuts
  • Samaras
  • Schizocarps
  • Caryopses

  
• Follicle


  Pod-like fruits that contain many seeds
• Follicle fruits

  • Milkweed pods
  • Magnolia

  
• Legume


  Pod-like fruits that open along two sides, releasing several seeds
• Capsule


  Fruits that open along three or more lines at the top to release seeds
• Capsule fruits


  • Lilies
  • Poppies
• Achene


  Fruits with a single seed, fairly loosely held within except for one small moorage called the funiculus

  
• Achene fruits


  • Sunflower seed
• Nut


  Fruits with a hard, fibrous pericarp composed of a compound ovary
• Nut fruits

  • Acorns
  • Hazelnuts
  • Hickory nuts
• Samara


  Modified achene fruits with a flattened, "wing" portion of the pericarp

  
• Samara fruits


  • Ash
  • Elm
• Schizocarp


  Winged fruits composed of two parts that later split into single seeded portions

  
• Schizocarp fruits

  • Maple

  
• Caryopsis


  Fruits with a single seed where the seed coat is adhered to the pericarp

  
• Caryopsis fruits


  • Wheat
  • Corn
  • Rice
  • Oats