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• Power


  Spans a spectrum of meaning that includes force, authority, influence, and most of the time, coercion
• Types of power


  • Compulsory power
  • Institutional power
  • Structural power
  • Productive power
• Compulsory power


  Direct control of one actor of the conditions and actions of another
• Institutional power


  Indirect ways in which an actor affects another. An example is the use of rules or of the law to impose order
• Structural power


  Basically looks at the position and the roles of various actors in relation to each other
• Productive power


  Similar to structural power and in the discourse that power is negotiated
• Pol Pot: 'Better to kill an innocent by mistake than spare an enemy by mistake'
• Adolf Hitler: 'It is not truth that matters, but victory'
• Herbie Hancock: 'Globalization - to re examine our ideas, and look at the ideas from other cultures, and open ourselves to them'
• Nation


  • Consists of a district population of people that are bound together by a common culture, history, and tradition who are typically concentrated within a specific geographic region
  • Ethnic or racial concept
• State


  • Is any politically organized community living under a single system of government
  • Legal or jurisdic concept
• Nation may comprise of several states
• Arab nation


  • Egypt
  • Saudi Arabia
  • Lebanon
  • Jordan
• Globalization


  The process of interaction and integration of every landscape in the planet
• Forms of government in ancient Greece

  • Democracy
  • Oligarchy
  • Tyranny
• Democracy


  Rule of the people or the many
• Oligarchy


  Rule of the privilege fee
• Tyranny


  The rule of the individual
• Most democratic countries of the world according to the 2015 Democracy Index


  • Norway
  • Iceland
  • Sweden
  • New Zealand
  • Denmark
  • Switzerland
  • Canada
  • Finland
  • Australia
  • The Netherlands
  • Luxembourg
  • Ireland
  • Germany
  • Austria
  • Malta
  • The United Kingdom
  • Spain
  • Mauritius
  • Uruguay
  • The United States of America
• Aristotle- democracy, oligarchy,and tyranny are bad government according to him
• Kingship or monarchy- good version of tyranny because the leader rules the people with wisdom or virtue

  Tyranny- the leader is possessed with extreme desire to improve and empower himself rather than promote welfare to his constituents
• Aristocracy/republic

  -rule of the privilege few (upperclass and aristocrat)

  -good version of oligarchy
• Polity

  -good version of democracy

  -involvement of middle class in ruling, which is its crucial character

  -make up most of the society

  -represent the greater interest
• Basic forms of government

  One ruler- monarchy (correct), tyranny (deviant)

  Few ruler- aristocracy (correct), oligarchy/plutocracy(deviant)

  Many rulers- direct democracy (correct),anarchy(deviant)
• Monarch and republican

  • both forms have an individual holding the power as head of the state
• Monarchy - ruled by king and is hereditary
• Republic - is usually ruled by a president chosen by the people through election
• Autocracy- power is held by a single, self-appointed ruler,it's absolute from being the dictatorship
• Democracy - power resides with the people as they have the ability to select their leader,and directly or indirectly involve themselves in politics and governance
• Unitary state- has a central government holding power with the capability to delegate or take back authority and function to and from lower levels or offices
• Federal state- has central government with the main function of uniting several self-governing states or regions . The central government in a federal state cannot duly interfere or immediately alter the laws of the member states
• Forms of government

  totalitarian -total government control

  Authoritarianism - micromanagement of citizens via government structure; military control, tyranny

  Monarchy- rule of one; individual rule; typically hereditary rule; backed by oligarchical power

  Oligarchy- rule of few (well-connected,socially,financially, physically powerful); elites rule

  Direct democracy - rule of citizens, simple majority rule; no restrain on majority

  Anarchy- no order/control; no government structure; power vacuum
• Executive branch


  Carries out laws
• Composition of the Executive branch

  • President
  • Vice President
• President and Vice President

  Elected by direct popular vote and serve a term of six years
• President

  Appoints Cabinet
• Cabinet departments form a large portion of the country's bureaucracy
• President


  • Leads the country
  • Head of state
  • Leader of the national government
  • Commander in Chief of all armed forces
• Vice President

  • Supports the President
  • Becomes President if the President is unable to serve
• Cabinet


  • Serve as advisors to the President
  • Include the Vice President and heads of executive departments
  • Nominated by the President and must be confirmed by the Commission of Appointments