practical

• The world is facing a lot of problems these days that requires immediate solution; there are questions arising that needs an answer; and cases that are to be solved. The answers to all of these should be based from our creative minds and not based on belief, guesses or mere theories. Thus, research plays a very important role.
• Research requires us to plan and make use of a systematized procedures in creating solutions to meet the needs of today's generation. The hope of the coming generations lies to the brilliant minds of the youth of today.
• After going through this module, you are expected to:

  • Shares research experience and knowledge
  • Explains the importance of research in daily life
  • Describes characteristics, processes and ethics of research
  • Differentiate qualitative from quantitative research
  • Provides examples of research in areas of interest
  • Describes characteristics, strengths, weaknesses, and kinds of qualitative research
  • Illustrates the importance of qualitative research across fields
• Research is a careful consideration of study regarding a particular concern or problem using a process of inquiry.
• Research


  A systematic inquiry to describe, explain, predict, and control the observed phenomenon
• Importance of Research in Daily Life

  • Gain Essential Information
  • To Make Changes
  • To Enhance the Standard of Living
  • For a Safer Life
  • To Know the Truth
  • To Explore the History
  • To Understand the Arts
• Characteristics of Research


  • Empirical
  • Systematic
  • Controlled
  • Analytical
  • Objective
• Stages in the Research Process

  • Identifying the problem
  • Reviewing literature
  • Setting research questions, objectives, and hypotheses
  • Choosing the study design
  • Deciding on the sample design
  • Collecting data
  • Processing and analyzing data
  • Writing the report
• Ethical Principles in Research

  • Honesty
  • Objectivity
  • Integrity
  • Carefulness
  • Openness
  • Respect for Intellectual Property
  • Confidentiality
  • Responsible Publication
  • Responsible Mentoring
  • Respect for Colleagues
  • Social Responsibility
  • Non-Discrimination
  • Competence
  • Legality
• Qualitative Research


  A type of educational research where the researcher relies on the view of the participants
• Quantitative Research


  A type of educational research where the researcher decides what to study
• Qualitative Research is commonly called interpretative research
• Qualitative Research


  • Naturalistic: studying real-world situations as they unfold naturally
  • Emergent: accepting adapting inquiry as understanding deepens and/or situations change
  • Purposeful: cases for study are selected because they are "information rich" and illuminative
• Qualitative Research Data Collection


  • Personal experience and engagement: the researcher has direct contact with and gets close to the people, situation, and phenomenon under investigation
  • Empathic neutrality: an empathic stance in working with study respondents seek vicarious understanding without judgment
  • Dynamic systems: attention to process, assumes change is ongoing
• Qualitative Research Analysis


  • Unique case orientation: assumes each case is special and unique
  • Inductive analysis: immersion in the details and specifics of the data to discover important patterns, themes, and inter-relationships
  • Holistic perspective: the whole phenomenon under study is understood as a complex system that is more than the sum of its parts
  • Context sensitive: places findings in a social, historical, and temporal context
• Qualitative Research is more focused on exploring the issues, understanding the actual problem and enabling oneself to answer all the questions
• Qualitative Research is more dependent on deriving the value of variables in their natural setting
• Qualitative Research data is collected by asking open ended questions and serving with the direct quotations
• Strengths of Qualitative Research

  • All the problems and the topics covered under this research are in detail
  • This method majorly focuses on small groups which ultimately do not require more expenses when compared to quantitative research
  • On the emergence of new developed information and findings, the revision, direction and framework of the data can be done easily quickly
  • The data is collected from a small group which bounds it to be universal for a large population
• Qualitative research


  More focused on exploring the issues, understanding the actual problem and enabling oneself to answer all the questions. It is more dependent on deriving the value of variables in their natural setting.
• Qualitative research


  • Data is collected by asking open ended questions and serving with the direct quotations
  • Focuses on small groups which ultimately do not require more expenses when compared to quantitative research
  • Revision, direction and framework of the data can be done easily quickly on the emergence of new developed information and findings
  • Data is collected from a small group which bounds it to be universal for a large population
  • Data is collected based on genuine efforts and gives a clear vision on what can be expected
• Kinds of qualitative research

  • Ethnography
  • Phenomenology
  • Grounded Theory
  • Historical Research
  • Case Study
• Ethnography


  A qualitative research method often used in the social sciences that is often used in gathering data on human societies/cultures. It is the study of people in their own environment through the use of methods such as participant observation and face-to-face interviewing.
• Phenomenology


  Describes the structure of experience as they present themselves to consciousness, without resources to theory, deductions or assumptions from other discipline such as the social sciences. It seeks to achieve deep understanding of the phenomenon by rigorous and systematic examination of it.
• Grounded Theory


  An inductive technique developed for health-related topics. It is emerged from the discipline of sociology. The term "grounded" means that the theory developed from the research is grounded or has its roots from the data from which It has derived.
• Historical Research


  The systemic collection and objective evaluation of data related to past occurrence.
• Case Study


  A detailed study of a specific subject, such as a person, group, place, event, organization, or phenomenon. It is used to test theoretical models by using it in real world situation.
• We will add drops of hydrogen peroxide into the test tubes at regular intervals until all the hydrogen peroxide has been added.