1 intro to philo

• Philosophy


  What makes people wise by the method of questioning everything (wise: being happy and content with life)
• Philosophy meaning

  • Approach
  • Basic thinking
  • Significant meaning to a concept
  • Deep thought
• Branches of Philosophy


  • Metaphysics
  • Epistemology
  • Logic
  • Axiology
  • Ethics
  • Aesthetics
• Metaphysics


  • Ultimate nature of reality
  • What is real and exists
  • What is the nature of reality? (god, nature, soul)
• Epistemology


  • Study of knowledge
  • Questions about how we know what we know
  • How do we know that our perceptions accurately represent reality?
• Logic


  • Study of reasoning and argumentation
  • All humans are mortal. Socrates is a human. Therefore, Socrates is mortal
• Axiology


  • Deals with values, including ethics and aesthetics
  • Ethical ax: Is it morally right to lie to protect someone's feelings?
  • Aesth ax: What makes a piece of music beautiful?
• Ethics


  • Study of morality and moral principles
  • What is right and wrong
  • Is it ethical to prioritize individual rights over societal welfare?
• Aesthetics


  • Study of beauty, art, and sensory experiences
  • What makes something beautiful or artistic
  • What makes a painting or sculpture a work of art?
• National education philosophy (falsafah pendidkan negara)

  • To develop the potential of individual in a good manner
  • To create a balanced and harmonious human
• Characteristics of national education philosophy

  • Graduates with human value, noble, balanced individual (diff force)
  • Aspire in physical, emotional, spiritual, and intellectual (PESI)
  • Knowledgeable
  • Believe and obey god
  • Noble
  • Responsible to self, religion, and country
  • Balanced n integrated personality
  • Cultivate unity among multi-raced
• Relationship of philosophy with national principles (rukun negara)

  • Rukun negara -> macro level (society)
  • Falsafah pendidikan kebangsaan -> micro level (individual)
• Rukun Negara


  • Belief in God
  • Loyalty to the King and Country
  • Supremacy of the Constitution
  • Rule of Law
  • Courtesy and Morality (philosophy)
• Sejahtera philosophy


  • Fundamental question: How do I live my life?
  • Dictionary: Safe and prosperous, happy and peaceful
  • Holistic well-being encompasses 5 aspects: Social, Emotional, Intellectual, Spiritual, Physical
• How to achieve Sejahtera

  • Science -> relationships, medicine, agriculture, manufacturing
  • Religion -> belief in god, supernatural, magic
  • Philosophy -> discuss various problems of daily life (grounded from life and improve life)
• Relationship between philosophy and well-being of life

  • A person needs to have an accurate and clear philosophy of life
  • Aristotle: approach thinking 'Supreme Reality' achieves happiness and well-being
• A philosophical Sejahtera life

  • Biological benefits
  • Body needs
  • External requirements
  • Goodness of the spirit
• Effects of a Sejahtera life

  • Ensure emotional stability
  • Live in peace and harmony
  • Mental and physical health awake
  • Think positively
  • Strengthen relationships
  • PESI (balanced n harmonious)
• philosophy direct translation


  greek: philosophia

  philo: love

  sophia: wisdom