PNS

• Peripheral Neuropathy


  Damage to the peripheral nerves, which are found outside of the brain and spinal cord
• Peripheral Neuropathy


  Damage to the peripheral nerves, which are found outside of the brain and spinal cord
• Peripheral Neuropathy


  Damage to the peripheral nerves, which are found outside of the brain and spinal cord
• Radiculopathy


  A variety of symptoms brought on by a spinal column nerve root pinching
• Guillain-Barre Syndrome


  In the rare condition, the body's immune system causes nerve damage and nerve injury results in muscular weakening and occasionally paralysis
• Somatic sensory


  • General: Touch, pain, pressure, vibration, temperature, and proprioception in skin, body wall, and limbs
  • Special: Hearing. equilibrium, vision
• Visceral sensory


  • General: Stretch, pain, temperature, chemical changes, and irritation in viscera; nausea and hunger
  • Special: Taste, smell
• Somatic nervous system

  Motor innervation of all skeletal muscles
• Guillain-Barre Syndrome


  In the rare condition, the body's immune system causes nerve damage and nerve injury results in muscular weakening and occasionally paralysis
• Autonomic nervous system


  Motor innervation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands
• Parasympathetic


  • Stimulates flow of saliva
  • Constricts bronchi
  • Stimulates peristalsis & secretion
  • Stimulates release of bile
  • Contracts bladder
• Sympathetic

  • Dilates pupil
  • Inhibits flow of saliva
  • Accelerates heartbeat
  • Dilates bronchi
  • Inhibits peristalsis & secretion
  • Conversion of glycogen to glucose
  • Secretion of adrenaline & noradrenaline
  • Inhibits bladder contraction
• Cervical Plexus nerve


  Connections to the head, neck, and shoulder
• Brachial Plexus


  Connections to the chest, shoulders, upper arms, forearms, and hands
• Somatic sensory


  • General: Touch, pain, pressure, vibration, temperature, and proprioception in skin, body wall, and limbs
  • Special: Hearing, equilibrium, vision
• Lumbar Plexus


  Connections to the back, abdomen, groin, thighs, knees, and calves
• Sacral Plexus


  Connections for the posterior thigh, most of the lower leg, the entire foot, and part of the pelvis
• Coccygeal Plexus


  Composed of the merging of nerves S4 through Co1, this plexus supplies motor and sensory control of the genitalia and the muscles that control defecation
• Endoneurium


  A layer of connective tissue, envelops every axon of a nerve
• Fascicles


  The collective name for the bundles of axons
• Visceral sensory


  • General: Stretch, pain, temperature, chemical changes, and irritation in viscera; nausea and hunger
  • Special: Taste, smell
• Perineurium


  A layer of connective tissue, envelopes each fascicle
• Epineurium


  Envelops the entire nerve
• Endoneurium


  Also referred to as Henle's sheath, envelopes each individual Schwann cell-axon unit
• Somatic nervous system


  Motor innervation of all skeletal muscles
• Endoneurium


  Make up type III collagen (reticulin) fibers
• Endoneurium


  Its biological constituents are mostly endothelium and Schwann cells
• Endoneurium


  Its function is to electrically isolate individual nerve axons
• Perineurium


  Is the primary diffusion barrier separating the endoneurium from the extrafascicular tissues
• Autonomic nervous system


  Motor innervation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands
• Perineurium


  Is made up of concentric layers of massive, flat perineurial cells
• Perineurium


  Isolates groups of axon-Schwann cell units to create nerve fascicles
• Parasympathetic


  • Stimulates flow of saliva
  • Constricts bronchi
  • Stimulates peristalsis & secretion
  • Stimulates release of bile
  • Contracts bladder
• Epineurium


  Collagen fibers (types I and III), fibroblasts, fat, lymphatics, blood vessels, and the vasa nervorum-which connects to vessels inside the nerve-make up its major constituents
• Epineurium


  The tensile strength and cushioning nerve are both enhanced by the epineurium
• Ganglion


  A group of neuronal bodies that are located in the peripheral nervous system
• Ganglia


  Can be compared to to synaptic synaptic relay hubs for neurons. Information enters the ganglia, activates the ganglia's neurons, and subsequently leaves
• Sympathetic


  • Dilates pupil
  • Inhibits flow of saliva
  • Accelerates heartbeat
  • Dilates bronchi
  • Inhibits peristalsis & secretion
  • Conversion of glycogen to glucose
  • Secretion of adrenaline & noradrenaline
  • Inhibits bladder contraction
• Ganglia


  Have an oval shape and contain somata, the cell bodies of neurons In the sensory, sympathetic, and parasympathetic ganglia
• Satellite glial cells


  Envelop neurons and aid in chemical environment regulation