Biology

• Blood vessel that supplies the cardiac muscles with its requirements

  Coronary artery
• Defect of the coronary artery resulting from prolonged large intake of cholesterol in the blood


  Coronary artery disease
• Importance of the thicker muscular wall of the left ventricle of a mammalian heart

  Pumps oxygenated blood to the body
• Reversed stomatal rhythm


  Adaptation of desert plants
• Closing of stomata on a hot dry sunny day

  Adaptation of plants to reduce water loss
• Effect of wind on transpiration rate

  Increases transpiration rate
• Structure T

  Root hair
• Structure R


  • Adapted to allow water and mineral absorption from the soil
• In set up A, the red blood cell count remained the same
• In set up B, the red blood cell count decreased by half
• Dental formula


  I 0/3, C 0/1, PM 3/2, M 3/3
• Total number of teeth in the mouth of the organisms
• Functions of blood other than transport
• Ways the human body is naturally protected against harmful bacteria

  • Skin
  • Mucus membranes
  • Stomach acid
  • White blood cells
• Difference in blood composition between pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein

  Pulmonary artery has deoxygenated blood, pulmonary vein has oxygenated blood
• Expected result after 30 minutes
• Function of part E

  Transport of water and minerals
• Differences between the stem section and a root section of the same plant
• Difference between guttation and transpiration

  Guttation is the loss of water in the form of droplets from the tips or edges of leaves, transpiration is the loss of water in the form of water vapour from the leaves
• Other function of xylem tissue in plants
• Part of the heart that initiates the heartbeat

  Sinoatrial (SA) node
• Forms in which carbon dioxide is transported in the blood

  • Dissolved in plasma
  • Bound to hemoglobin
• Compatibility of blood types

  • Ab: compatible with Ab, B

  1. compatible with B, AB, O

  AB: compatible with AB

  1. compatible with O
• Advantages of having blood group O

  Can donate to all blood groups, less prone to certain diseases
• Advantage of having blood group AB

  Can receive blood from any group
• Natural immunity


  Immunity present at birth
• Acquired immunity


  Immunity developed through exposure to pathogens or vaccines
• Allergy


  Overreaction of the immune system to a harmless substance
• Glucose concentration in the blood of A and B at the 20th minute
• Compound that stores energy released during oxidation of glucose

  ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
• Factors that determine energy requirements in humans

  • Age
  • Activity level
  • Body size
  • Metabolism
• Digestion


  The breakdown of large food molecules into smaller, absorbable molecules
• Digestion of protein in the human body

  1. Proteins are broken down into amino acids in the stomach by pepsin

  2. The amino acids are further broken down in the small intestine by trypsin and other enzymes

  3. The amino acids are then absorbed into the bloodstream